https://www.jrnls.org/bems New articles published in Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports. en Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/24 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/24 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar* Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The medical technology sector entered one of the most transformative periods in its history in 2026. Artificial intelligence had moved from experimental pilot projects into clinical reality. Software had become as critical to patient outcomes as hardware. Digital evidence was reshaping clinical evaluation, while sustainability requirements were increasingly influencing product development decisions. At the same time, regulators across Europe and around the world were working to keep pace with… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/30 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/30 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Priya Kadam, Irrum Aneela Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports A female in her thirties with Fitzpatrick skin type II and a childhood history of atopic dermatitis presented with a first episode of psoriasiform plaques following localized trauma from contact with cold metal. Within 72 hr, the initially painful erythematous eruption evolved into well-demarcated, raised, scaly plaques consistent with plaque psoriasis morphology. The patient self-initiated symptomatic cooling with aloe vera gel prior to community medical assessment, after which she was treated… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/33 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/33 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar* Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The presence of impurities in pharmaceutical products poses significant toxicological and regulatory concerns, necessitating systematic assessment and risk management strategies. Pharmaceutical impurities, which may arise from synthesis, degradation, or contamination, can compromise drug safety and efficacy. This report provides a concise overview of the principles underlying the toxicological evaluation of these impurities, emphasizing Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approaches,… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/47 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/47 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar* Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Pharmaceutical supply chains are highly complex, global, and tightly regulated systems that are increasingly exposed to disruption from geopolitical instability, pandemics, and demand volatility. This report examines how data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can optimise pharmaceutical supply chains by improving forecasting accuracy, manufacturing efficiency, inventory management, logistics, quality assurance, and regulatory compliance. It argues that the industry is transitioning from isolated… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/53 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/53 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar* Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The 2026 World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) 2nd edition of State of the World’s Animal Health report provides critical insight into the global burden of infectious diseases affecting livestock, poultry, wildlife, and companion animals. While traditional epidemiological indicators such as the number of outbreaks, cases, and deaths remain essential for disease monitoring, they do not fully capture the severity and transmission dynamics associated with different diseases. This report… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/58 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/58 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Imani Stanard, Hazem Almhanna, Aqeel Mohsin Mahdi Al-Mahmodi, David Kilroy­, Arun HS Kumar­ Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Background: The ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres) is an intra-articular structure that contributes to hip joint stability and serves as a potential conduit for vascular supply to the femoral head. Despite its recognised anatomical presence across mammalian species, its vascular capacity and functional significance remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate vascular density within the ligament of the femoral head in adult dog, sheep, and goat,… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/65 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/2/65 Wed, 15 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Pamela G. Carlton, David Kilroy, Catherine McCarney, Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Background: Anatomy education has traditionally relied on Two-Dimensional Images (2DI) and cadaveric dissections. However, newer modalities such as Three-Dimensional Fabricated Models (3DM) and Computer-Generated 3D Images (CG3DI) are increasingly being introduced. Comparative effectiveness evidence remains three dimensional limited. Objectives: This pilot study aimed to compare the impact of 2DI, 3DM, and CG3DI on student performance in veterinary anatomy. Materials and Methods: Twelve… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/1 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/1 Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The 43rd Annual Meeting of the European Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID), held in the historic and vibrant city of Bucharest from May 26th to 30th, 2025, convened at a watershed moment for global child health. As the world moves further away from the acute disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the landscape of paediatric infections has not simply returned to its prior state; rather, it has transformed into a complex arena defined by technological breakthroughs in vaccine… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/4 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/4 Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Utpal Mishra Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports In medical diagnostics and treatment, precise administration and monitoring are essential, especially in cancer therapy, where personalized drug dosage becomes critical due to varying patient responses. Human demographics exhibit diverse reactions to drug administration, necessitating individualized treatment regimens for cancer patients. The effects of drugs on cancer cells vary based on dosage, highlighting the need for a mathematical framework to model drug intake, absorption in the… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/9 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/9 Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Utpal Mishra Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports We have moved from lacking a sufficient supply of electricity/power to producing it in abundance, so it is paramount to decipher how to bring it to optimal usage. This research lays a hand on forecasting energy, bringing in the consumption of electricity and city across the households, enabling stakeholders to accurately predict future energy consumption and generation and meet the demand to enhance sustainable practices. This research examines various Machine Learning algorithms and the very… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/15 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/15 Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Postoperative myocardial injury remains a major determinant of morbidity and mortality after noncardiac surgery, prompting sustained interest in preventive strategies such as Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC). Initially supported by compelling experimental data and numerous small-randomized trials, RIPC has been widely perceived as a low-cost, low-risk intervention with potential systemic organ-protective effects. The PRINCE randomized clinical trial represents the most rigorous and… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/19 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/12/1/19 Utpal Mishra Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Challenges in agriculture sector are becoming significant a rapidly growing population and declining agricultural productivity. Despite the rigorous efforts of the farmers to cultivate crops, they encounter numerous obstacles stemming from insufficient knowledge about soil characteristics across the demographics of the farmers stacked with uncertain and fluctuating weather patterns. This research highlights the use of Machine Learning (ML) and Computer Vision (CV) to simplify and automate the… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/21 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/21 Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The human gut microbiome, once considered a passive collection of commensal organisms, is now recognized as a dynamic biochemical factory. Among its many functions, one of the most remarkable is its capacity to synthesize complex bioactive compounds, including metabolites with pharmacological activity. This article reviews recent discoveries highlighting the drug-like molecules produced by gut microbes, explores the implications for drug discovery and personalized medicine, and proposes a… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/28 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/28 Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Chronic pain affects over 150 million individuals across Europe and the United States, posing a major public health challenge due to its complexity, persistence, and limited treatment success. This report briefly outlines a recent study presenting the largest real-world registry to date on micro-implantable peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), including over 2,200 patients with chronic peripheral neuralgia or neuropathy. In this study 94% of patients reported clinically meaningful improvements… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/32 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/32 Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Neuromodulation is undergoing a paradigm shift, moving beyond the binary of invasive versus non-invasive interventions. This report describes two emerging techniques, DeepFocus and Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) that exemplify this evolution. DeepFocus, utilizes nasal anatomical access to deliver focal electrical stimulation to deep brain regions implicated in mood and reward, such as Brodmann area 25 and the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Paired with the DeepROAST computational platform for… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/36 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/36 Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with persistent Upper Extremity (UE) impairment affecting a significant proportion of survivors and posing a major challenge to functional recovery and quality of life. Conventional rehabilitation approaches, including physical and occupational therapy, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT), and neuromodulatory adjuncts, offer modest gains, particularly when initiated early. However, these benefits often plateau in the… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/41 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/2/41 Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT Chaitra Bhat Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Ensuring strong product security is a fundamental part of building trustworthy and resilient software. However, conducting thorough security reviews especially in fast-moving, agile engineering teams can be challenging to scale effectively. Traditional review processes are often time-consuming, resource-intensive, and difficult to keep consistent across teams and projects. This article introduces a practical, staged framework designed to improve the product security review lifecycle by… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/1 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/1 Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT Nabeel Abd Murad Al-Mamoori, Hazem Almhanna, Abdulrazzaq B Kadhim, David Kilroy, Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Background:This study focused on the major components of mucus, known as mucins, within the mucosal epithelium of the respiratory system in Iraqi common quail. Materials and Methods: Six quail were utilized in accordance with animal ethics guidelines from the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Al-Qadisiyah. Histological analysis, utilizing H&E staining, and PAS plus Alcian blue stains were performed. RT-qPCR was used to assess the gene expression levels of MUC1 and MUC4.… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/9 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/9 Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT Utpal Mishra Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Challenges in agriculture sector are becoming significant a rapidly growing population and declining agricultural productivity. Despite farmers' rigorous efforts to cultivate crops, they encounter numerous obstacles stemming from insufficient knowledge about soil characteristics, key influencing factors, and unpredictable weather patterns, compounded by inadequate access to financial resources from banks. This research highlights the transformative potential of advanced technologies in… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/14 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/14 Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Aortic Stenosis (AS) is one of the most common life-threatening cardiovascular conditions, particularly among the aging population. AS is characterized by the progressive narrowing of the aortic valve due to calcific degeneration, leading to increased left ventricular workload, heart failure, and ultimately, mortality if left untreated.1,2 Historically, AS has been considered a passive degenerative disease associated with aging and mechanical stress. However, recent research has shed light on… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/18 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/11/1/18 Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT Thejesh N. Bandi Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become indispensable for various applications worldwide. Regional navigation satellite systems cover the regions up to 1500 km2 providing the Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) solutions. Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) is such a regional system, now having its own indigenously developed space atomic clock - the Indian Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (IRAFS) that was launched onboard NVS-01 providing services to the Indian… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/27 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/27 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Acute myocardial infarction, or heart attack, remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite substantial advancements in acute management, the residual risk of recurrent coronary events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, poses a substantial challenge. This persistent threat underscores the imperative for ongoing research into novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. The recently published COLD-MI trial results has generated… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/33 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/33 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Ikenna Idika Ogbu, Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Chiropractic remains a service provided outside the NHS in the United Kingdom and the argument for inclusion has been ongoing since the 90’s. There are significant patient-reported benefits from chiropractic backed by evidence in specific use-cases as cervicogenic headaches and there are significant potential cost-savings from the inclusion of chiropractic as an NHS service. The evidence, however, does not particularly favour the use case of chiropractic, especially in the context of Low Back… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/37 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/37 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The emergence of GLP-1 agonists has revolutionized the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Their efficacy in inducing weight loss and improving glycaemic control is undeniable. However, the rapid expansion of their use necessitates a cautious approach, given the potential for adverse effects. GLP-1 agonists mimic the actions of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1. While their therapeutic benefits are substantial, concerns have arisen regarding the long-term safety profile of… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/41 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/41 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Alasdair Fitz Gerald, Irrum Aneela, Paula Choszczewski, David Summers, Chandrasekaran Kaliaperuma Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) syndrome is a rare complication following brain tumor (localized in the supplementary motor area) removal and is characterized by temporary paralysis and mutism. These symptoms typically resolve within hours to days. This case report challenges the typical presentation of SMA Syndrome. We report a unique case where a patient developed right dense hemiplegia (severe weakness on one side of the body) and mutism after resection of an intraventricular central… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/45 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/45 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Ammar Natalwala, Pasquale Gallo, Drahoslav Sokol, Jothy Kandasamy, Krishnaraya Kamath Tallur, Ailsa McLennan, Jayakara Shetty, Richard Chin, Alex Baxter, Paul Eunson, Kenneth McWilliam, Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Specialist care providers often treat complex, life-threatening intracranial paediatric pathologies and team-based clinical decisions by neurologists and neurosurgeons are vital for good clinical outcomes. We describe six scenarios highlighting multi-disciplinary team-based management of challenging paediatric conditions which provided successful outcomes. This work may aide future management of similar cases. https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/52 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/52 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Hariss G Paremes Sivam, Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal, Jothy Kandasamy Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports The use of conventional Halo braces was frequently accompanied by complications owing to the invasive nature of the stabilization pins. Hence interest in Non-Invasive Halo System (NIHS) gathered pace, but its therapeutic ability in providing clinically resonant stabilization with a better safety profile, remains to be established. We performed a retrospective review of 2 patients treated for Type 1 AARS/AARF in childhood with the help of immobilization provided by the NIHS and reflected on a… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/61 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/2/61 Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Dear Editor-in-chiefI write this letter to focus on various aspects of valuing a team and team building in this time and age where attrition is at its peak.1,2 Since COVID-19 pandemic, the perspective of work ethos has changed with a significant rise in mental health issues, burn out and healthcare workers quitting their jobs across the globe. https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/1/1 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/1/1 Wed, 08 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT Hazem Almhanna, Arun HS Kumar Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Background:Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) poses a significant threat to poultry, leading to severe economic losses. Understanding the molecular interactions between NDV proteins and avian mucins is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Materials and Methods:In this study, twelve NDV proteins were systematically assessed for their interactions with sixteen quail and eight chicken mucin types, revealing diverse and species-specific binding patterns.… https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/1/9 https://www.jrnls.org/bems/10/1/9 Wed, 08 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT Daniel Ochieng, Ioannis Tsonis, Mohit Arora, Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal Biology, Engineering, Medicine and Science Reports Background: Intracranial arachnoid cysts in the paediatric neurosurgical patient are a common diagnostic quagmire. Though commonly an incidental finding, they are a continuous source of anxiety for both patient’s families and the managing clinician. The symptoms often attributed to their presence are also often varied and do range from nonspecific headache or behavioural changes to life threatening hydrocephalus or intracystic haemorrhage. Materials and Methods:We present a 6-year retrospective…