https://www.jrnls.org/fra New articles published in Free Radicals and Antioxidants. en Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/34 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/34 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT D. Nagavalli, Nithish R, Hariprasath, Kannan Free Radicals and Antioxidants 4H-Pyran-4-one (γ-pyrone, CAS 108-97-4) is the parent six-membered oxygen heterocycle underlying the Pyranone (4-pyrone) family, a scaffold that recurs throughout natural-product and drug-like chemistry - from simple metal chelators such as maltol and kojic acid to complex chromone- and flavone-based pharmacophores. This dissertation consolidates four literature-based reference reports into a single account of the molecule’s identity, bonding and hybridization, aromaticity, spectrochemical… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/41 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/41 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Swarnim Swati Free Radicals and Antioxidants By enabling previously unheard-of personalization of medical treatments through advanced computer analysis of intricate biomedical data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary force in precision medicine. The changing field of AI applications in precision medicine is examined in this study, which highlights both well-established technology and cutting-edge developments that are changing clinical practice. AI is transforming every aspect of patient care in the field of… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/46 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/46 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Meerim Sharsheeva, M. Nurul Islam, G. Jayarama Bhat Free Radicals and Antioxidants Hydroxybenzoic Acids (HBAs) are naturally occurring phenolic compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-derived foods and can also be generated through metabolism or degradation of bioactive molecules, including aspirin-related compounds and dietary flavonoids. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that HBAs may contribute to some of the biological effects historically attributed to their parent compounds. Studies using HBAs have demonstrated antiproliferative activity against… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/54 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/54 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT G. Abirami, Kabilan S, Nithish R Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background:Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (family Apocynaceae, syn. Asclepiadaceae), commonly known as Sodom apple, Ushar, or Aak, is a xerophytic shrub widely distributed across arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia that contains a rich reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites with broad pest-control properties. Objectives: This chapter aimed to compile and critically synthesise the phytochemical, chemical-evaluation, and bioassay literature onC.… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/62 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/62 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Gracy Gladin Solomon, Akshaya Gopu, Girishkumar Anbarasane, Priyadharshini Karnan Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: With increased awareness of the importance of eco-friendly, user-friendly, skin friendly, the use of cosmetic prepared from herbal ingredients got increased. Few of medicinal plants were found to be having antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties along with moisturizing potential in which some of the plants are Vetiveria zizanioides and Cucumis melo. Objectives: The study aimed to prepare and evaluate the efficacy of polyherbal scrub soap containing powder of… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/68 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/68 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mueen Ahmed KK Free Radicals and Antioxidants Denham Harman’s free radical theory of aging, first articulated in the mid-1950s, proposed an elegantly simple mechanism for senescence: metabolism generates reactive byproducts, those byproducts accumulate as molecular damage, and accumulated damage is aging. Seven decades on, the theory remains one of the most cited frameworks in biogerontology, but its core causal claim has been substantially reworked rather than confirmed. https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/70 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/70 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mueen Ahmed KK Free Radicals and Antioxidants When a muscle contracts repeatedly, it generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). For much of the twentieth century this was read as straightforward wear and tear-oxidative damage that accumulated with exertion and required defending against. The modern understanding is almost the inverse: those contraction-induced ROS are not merely tolerated byproducts but indispensable messengers that instruct the muscle cell to remodel itself into a fitter, more resilient version. Understanding this molecular… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/72 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/2/72 Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mohammed Yunus Free Radicals and Antioxidants Dear Editor, Many patients undergoing cancer treatment take antioxidant supplements in the belief that they are harmless or protective. Emerging mechanistic evidence suggests this assumption deserves urgent scrutiny, and I write to propose that clinicians proactively counsel patients on this point. According to PubMed, reactive oxygen species act on a gradient in which high levels limit cancer cell survival during certain windows of initiation and progression, such that dietary antioxidant… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/1 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/1 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mukesh Maity, Krishna Chandra Maity, Saikat Hazra, Arnab Kheto, Samik Banerjee, Sinchan Das Free Radicals and Antioxidants It is becoming more well recognized that Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a self-sustaining mucosal ecosystem in which oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, microbial dysbiosis, stromal remodeling, type 2 immunological polarization, and epithelial damage support each other. This paper critically summarizes redox dysregulation in CRSwNP and assesses whether Teucrium marum Varum (TMV), a Mediterranean Lamiaceae taxon rich in terpenoids, provides a physiologically feasible pathway to… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/12 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/12 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Chai Zi Wei, Chuah Jia Jun, Subramani Parasuraman Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: Gastrodia elata is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat neurological disorders. Gastrodin, its main bioactive component, has been extensively studied for pharmacological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Ethanolic Extract of the rhizome of G. elata (EEGE) on spermatogenesis in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: The rhizome powder was extracted with ethanol. Healthy adult male SD rats were divided into six groups (n=6 per group) and… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/18 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/18 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Pounraj Kanimathi, Karanam Satya Ramya, Rose Mary Kiriyanthan, Arunachalam Radha Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and progressive tissue damage. This study evaluated the antidiabetic, hypolipidaemic, and antioxidant effects of chloroform seed extracts of Cleome rutidosperma, C. gynandra, C. viscosa, and their combined extract in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/26 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/26 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mueen Ahmed KK Free Radicals and Antioxidants Exercise has long been framed as a double-edged metabolic sword. Vigorous muscular contraction increases mitochondrial oxygen flux and generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) at rates well above resting baseline, and for decades this was treated purely as collateral damage-a side effect to be neutralized with antioxidant pills. According to PubMed, this assumption has been substantially revised: high levels of ROS produced in skeletal muscle during exercise have been associated with muscle… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/28 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/28 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mohammed Yunus, Mueen KK Ahmed Free Radicals and Antioxidants The marketing logic behind antioxidant supplements is intuitive almost to the point of being seductive: oxidative stress contributes to aging and disease, fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants, therefore concentrated antioxidant pills should slow aging and prevent disease more efficiently than food. Three decades of rigorous trial data have not been kind to this syllogism. The clinical evidence draws an increasingly sharp distinction between dietary patterns rich in whole foods, which show… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/30 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/30 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mueen Ahmed KK Free Radicals and Antioxidants For half a century, the public has absorbed a simple message: free radicals damage DNA, DNA damage causes cancer, and antioxidants mop up free radicals-therefore antioxidants should prevent cancer. The logic is so intuitive that antioxidant supplements remain a multibillion-dollar industry marketed substantially on cancer-prevention claims. Yet a striking body of experimental and clinical evidence has converged on an uncomfortable conclusion: once a malignancy has begun, supplemental… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/32 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/16/1/32 Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Mueen Ahmed KK Free Radicals and Antioxidants Antioxidant dietary supplements continue to be marketed to the public with broad implications of disease prevention and “healthy aging,” yet the weight of randomized evidence has not kept pace with the confidence of the claims. I write to argue that this gap warrants closer regulatory attention to consumer-facing antioxidant messaging. https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/42 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/42 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Jothi Dheivasikamani Abidharini, Arthi Gunasekaran, Jeyabal Philomenathan Antony Prabhu, Asirvatham Alwin Robert, Arumugan Vijaya Anand, Palanisami Sampathkumar Free Radicals and Antioxidants Vitex negundo L., commonly known as Nochi in Tamil, is a widely distributed medicinal plant valued in traditional medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. It contains a rich array of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to its broad pharmacological potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the general medicinal significance of based on existing scientific and ethnobotanical evidence. To… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/49 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/49 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Subramani Parasuraman, Chavan Madhavrao, Mythili BK Free Radicals and Antioxidants Apoptosis is a highly regulated, genetically programmed form of cell death essential for maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Unlike necrosis, which involves cell swelling and inflammatory rupture, apoptosis is characterized by distinct morphological features, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and the formation of membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. This process is primarily orchestrated through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, both of… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/55 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/55 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Kamesh R, Kaniselvam K, Naveen V, Ramakrishnan P, Ranjithkumar B, Sethu Akash S, Subala Subramanian Panchuravindra Rajan Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: Mosquito control efforts are increasingly challenged by the growing resistance to synthetic insecticides. Plant-based insecticides offer a promising alternative for biological control. This study assesses the adulticidal potential of Ocimum americanum extracts against and Culex quinquefasciatus. Materials and Methods: Leaves of O. americanum extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were characterized by TLC and GC-MS, and evaluated for… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/66 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/66 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Mohammad Nadeem Khan, Mahak Bhandari, Sanjay Vyas, Shushil Upadhayay, Praveen Chandra Dubey Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a major genetic disorder with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among tribal populations in Madhya Pradesh, India. The prevalence of sickle cell hemoglobin among these communities ranges from 10-33%, with about 0.7% suffering from SCD. Hypoxia plays a central role in the pathophysiology of SCD, and the inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Prolyl Hydroxylase (PHD) proteins has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Aim and… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/78 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/78 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Fazlina Mustaffa, Geethaa Sahgal, Mohamed Asem Ameerdin, Varatharajan Rajavel, Dhivyasri Mogan, Wong Wan Xuan, Keerthana Asokumar Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: The increasing generation of waste product has become a main environmental concern worldwide, especially due to the disposal of fruit residues such as rinds and peels. These agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive phytochemicals including phenolic compounds and flavonoids with potential antioxidant and cosmetic applications. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a moisturizing antioxidant face gel using extracts from watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus),… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/84 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/2/84 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Shweta S. Saboo, Vaishanavi Bhimrao Nimbalkar Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: Vitex negundo Linn. is a well- honored medicinal factory known for its different pharmacological properties, largely attributed to its rich phytochemical composition. Glycosidic composites, in particular, contribute significantly to its remedial eventuality, including antioxidant exertion. This study aimed to estimate the phytochemical ingredients and antioxidant exertion of the methanolic excerpt of Vitex negundo Linn. leaves, with emphasis on glycosidic enrichment using an… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/1 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/1 Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT Subramani Parasuraman Free Radicals and Antioxidants Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by insufficient insulin production or inefficient insulin utilization inside the body, causing hyperglycemia and damage to various body systems, particularly to the nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 537 million adults worldwide, with projections estimating it to rise as high as 783 million by the year 2045. Many individuals remain undiagnosed, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This increasing trend poses… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/3 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/3 Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT Soumen Saha, Shaswat Ojha, Monalisa Paul, Md Shahin Hossain Free Radicals and Antioxidants The current study is being conducted and focused to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidative properties of six selected Ocimum species (Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum canum Sims., Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (green type) and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Purple type) which is being investigated. Leaves from each type of plant are taken and extracted using methanol. Total phenolic content was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/11 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/11 Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT Subramanian Panchu Ravindra Rajan Subala, Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background:Melatonin is known to be powerful antioxidant in animals. However, few studies have been conducted to verify the protective effect of melatonin in insects. This study's objective was to interpret the changes in photoperiod with response to melatonin and luzindole in midgut physiology of S. litura. Materials and Methods: Third instar S. litura larvae (N=180) were maintained with different types of treatment follows, i) Control (phosphate buffer saline; pH 7.5); ii) Melatonin (4.3 ×… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/20 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/20 Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT Subramanian Panchu Ravindra Rajan Subala, Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar Free Radicals and Antioxidants Introduction:Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a serotonin derivate, is a powerful antioxidant due to its capacity to stimulate the innate immune response in plants and animals. However, in invertebrates, few studies have been conducted to verify the protective effect of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate melatonin antioxidant role in short-term (24 hr), intermediate (72 hr), and long-term (144 hr) effects against abamectin, the family… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/35 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/15/1/35 Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT Demilade Kehinde Kuti, Tolu Ogundele, Bankole Peter Kuti, Oyeku Akibu Oyelami, Ebunoluwa Aderonke Adejuyigbe Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background:Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) often leads to the generation of free radicals and oxidants which affect the newborns antioxidant status. Little is known about the oxidant and antioxidant status of babies with various severity of asphyxia in developing countries with huge burden of the disease, hence the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Babies delivered at term at the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria were consecutively recruited into a comparative cross-sectional study design… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/34 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/34 Tue, 21 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT Aditya Jain, Tanvi Jangid, Ram Niwas Jangir Jangir, Gauri Shankar Bhardwaj Free Radicals and Antioxidants The use of green-synthesized nanoparticles has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing antioxidant activity in various applications, including medicine, environmental protection and food preservation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of nanotechnology in antioxidant activity, focusing on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant-based extracts. The paper begins by discussing the types of antioxidants, categorizing them into enzymatic, non-enzymatic and… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/62 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/62 Tue, 21 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT Franklyn Okechukwu Ohiagu, Paul Chidoka Chikezie, Tochukwu Oluwatosin Maduka, Chinwendu Mauren Chikezie, Ogueri Nwaiwu, Keshav Raj Paudel Free Radicals and Antioxidants Antioxidants impede free radical chain reactions and thereby retard and prevent oxidative cellular damage. The present review provides an overview of the basic mechanisms by which antioxidants scavenge free radicals and describes the basic methods for measurement of antioxidant activities against free radicals as well as the underlying chemistry and pathologies linked with oxidative stress. This review was sourced online from scientific search engines using appropriate keywords. For appropriate… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/86 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/86 Tue, 21 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT Mina Akter, Md. Imtiazul Kabir, Nasiruddin Nalban, Srinivasan Marimuthu, Ranjini Sankaranarayanan, G. Jayarama Bhat Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background:Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the US and more than 1 million people are diagnosed with this disease every year worldwide. In this regard, flavonoids and their degradation products, namely Hydroxybenzoic Acids (HBAs) continue to be evaluated for the prevention of CRC. Hydroxybenzoic acids are also present as secondary plant metabolites in many fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we determined the ability of 2,3,4-THBA, which is… https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/97 https://www.jrnls.org/fra/14/2/97 Tue, 21 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT Ramya Shanmugam, Bharathi Kathirvel, Jothi Dheivasikamani Abidharini, Pemula Gowtham, Girigoswami Agnishwar, Pragya Pallavi, Jeyabal Philomenathan Antony Prabhu, Vijaya Anand Arumugam Free Radicals and Antioxidants Background: Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst is an herbal plant used predominantly in Ayurvedic medicine. Though this plant has diverse pharmacological properties it is pivotal to acknowledge its total antioxidant capacity and enzymatic quantification which are not well established. Therefore, the principal objective of this study is to elucidate the antioxidant capacity in five different solvent extracts including ethanol, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous, further to quantify…