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AJBLS · Lens · Presence of Microplastics and Additives Detected in Digestive Systems of Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Consumed by Humans in Puebla, Mexico

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Article · Volume 13, Issue 3 · pp. 630–643

Presence of Microplastics and Additives Detected in Digestive Systems of Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Consumed by Humans in Puebla, Mexico

Guadalupe Posadas- Palma1, Ma. Dolores Castañeda-Antonio2, Roberto Portillo-Reyes3, Jesús Muñoz-Rojas2, Antonino Báez2, Juana Deisy Santamaría-Juárez1, Martha Elva Ramírez Guzmán4, Antonio Rivera2

  1. 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Sn. Claudio y 18 sur Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla, MÉXICO.
  2. 2Microbiological Sciences Research Center of the Institute of Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla, MÉXICO.
  3. 3Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Sn. Claudio y 22 sur Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla, MÉXICO.
  4. 4Statistics and Data Science Program, Colégio de Postgraduados, Montecillos, MÉXICO.

Abstract

Aim: This study demonstrates the presence of microplastics and associated compounds in fish consumed in Puebla a state in Mexico.Background: When plastics are improperly disposed of, they easily reach bodies of water, where they break down into tiny pieces called Micro Plastics (MPs), causing a serious environmental problem.Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from freshwater fish: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and eurasian carp (Cyprinus carpio) from fish farms, as well as from marine fish: grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and marine tilapia (Oreochromis spp) purchased from the local market. The intestinal contents were examined using three detection techniques: density separation, stereoscopic microscopy, and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry.Results: It was found that 46.3% of the microplastic particles were black, and 85.8% of the totals were fibers. The predominant plastic was Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE), with a total average abundance of 5.2±1.1 MPs per individual, and plastic additives, primarily phthalic acid, were detected, attributed to various anthropogenic sources contaminating the ocean.Conclusion: Consumption of freshwater fish is recommended due to their lower levels of microplastics and additive compounds.

Keywords: Fish; microplastic; pollution; waste

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