Article · Volume 1, Issue 2 · pp. 43–52
Antifouling Alkaloids from Crinum augustum (Amaryllidaceae)
John Refaat1, Ahmed Abdel-Lateff1, Mohamed S. Kamel1, Ahmed A. Ali2, Mahmoud A. Ramadan2, Tatsufumi Okino3, Yasuyuki Nogata4
- 1aPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
- 2bPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt.
- 3cFaculty of environmental earth science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- 4dCentral Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Biology Department, 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194 Japan
Abstract
Fractionation and purification of the ethanolic extract of the bulbs of Crinum augustum Rox. (Amaryllidaceae) cultivated in Egypt yielded five alkaloids 6-methoxy-crinamine (1), crinamine (2), buphanisine (3), ungeremine (4), and hippadine (5); two fatty acid derivatives: myristic acid ethyl ester (6) and palmitic acid ethyl ester (7); four terpenoidal and steroidal compounds: ursolic acid (8), β-sitosterol-O- β glucopyranoside (9) and mixture of β- sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11). The structures of all compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data; 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (HSQC, COSY, DQF, NOE and HMBC) NMR; MS and UV analyses. The compounds (1-4) and (6-8) were tested towards biofouling activity using larvae of barnacle Balance amphitrie. Significant activities of 1, 2 and 3 with EC50 1.8, 1.2 and 0.75 µg/mL respectively, were observed.
Keywords: Crinum augustum; Amaryllidaceous; anti-fouling; natural products
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