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IJPER · Lens · Neuroprotective Effect of Vanda roxburghii Extract in Endothelin-1 (et-1) Induced Hippocampal Ischemic Damage and Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit

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Article · Volume 54, Issue 3 · pp. 740–749

Neuroprotective Effect of Vanda roxburghii Extract in Endothelin-1 (et-1) Induced Hippocampal Ischemic Damage and Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit

Ravi Mundugaru1, Sukrant Sharma2, Senthilkumar Sivanesan3, Rajesh Thangarajan4, Pundalik Rama Naik5, Nagesh Raju1, Ahmed Alfarhan6, Rajakrishnan Rajagopal6, Bander AlMunqedhi6

  1. 1Department of Pharmacology, DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, INDIA.
  2. 2Department of Shalya Tantra, JIAR, Jammu and Kashmir, INDIA.
  3. 3Department of Research and Development, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  4. 4Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, INDIA.
  5. 5Department of Biochemistry, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri, Karnataka, INDIA.
  6. 6Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.

Abstract

Introduction: The concept of neuroprotection gaining considerable interest in search for novel therapy that has potential to preserve brain tissues and improve cognitive functions in ischemic brain damage. In the present study we evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of hydro alcoholic extract of Vanda roxburghii in experimental models of ischemic hippocampal injury in rats.Materials and Methods: Ischemic hippocampal injury was induced by single intra-hippocampal injection of Endothelin-1 (80μM) using stereotaxic instrument. Following ischemic hippocampal damage, hydro alcoholic extract of Vanda roxburghii (HAVR) (200 and 400mg/kg) was administered orally, once in a day for 14 consecutive days. Results and Discussion: The Morris water maze, Actophotometer and Open field behavioral test results showed significant cognitive deficit after ischemic hippocampal damage, however the repeated administration of HAVR at higher dose level for 14 consecutive days attenuated the cognitive deficits to a significant level. The histopathological examination of CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus revealed the loss of normal pyramidal cells and degenerative changes with shrunken, hyperdensed soma with pyknotic nuclei, however HAVR treatment at both dose levels significantly attenuated the observed qualitative changes. HAVR treatment showed significant anti-oxidant properties by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in ischemic condition as well as restoration of glutathione peroxidase enzymes to significant level.Conclusion: The study concludes that V. roxburghii extract and its constituents have neuroprotective potentials in ischemic hippocampal injury.

Keywords: Stereotaxic; Hippocampus; Pyramidal cells; Morris water Maze; Lipid; peroxidation

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