Evaluation of Antiparkinsonism Activity of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Leaf Extract in Haloperidol-Induced Parkinsonism in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Background Manilkara zapota, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, holds potential as a therapeutic agent. However, its neuroprotective properties remain largely unexplored, highlighting the need for further scientific research to understand its potential in this regard. Objectives This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of Manilkara zapota ethanolic extract against haloperidol-induced Parkinsonism in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods The M. zapota leaf powder was extracted using 70% ethanol, followed by a qualitative and quantitative investigation. In this study, the effects of extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) against haloperidol in mice were assessed using various in vivo behavioural parameters including catalepsy, grid hang, horizontal bar, and parallel bar tests. Results The qualitative analysis of ethanolic extract identified phenols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, and saponins. Furthermore, the quantitative assessment indicated total flavonoid and phenol contents of 64.52 mg RTE/g and 17.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. The extract showed significant and dose-dependent enhancements in behavioural activity, motor function, muscle strength, and motor coordination. Moreover, its administration dose-dependently elevated antioxidant enzyme levels, such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in haloperidol-treated mice, suggesting its ability to alleviate oxidative stress. Additionally, the histopathological analysis indicated that ethanolic extract treatment restored normal architecture. Conclusion These findings suggest that M. zapota extract has significant neuroprotective properties against haloperidol-induced Parkinsonism, possibly via its antioxidant properties. Further research is needed to understand its mechanisms and therapeutic potential for Parkinson's disease.

Keywords: Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen; Haloperidol; Ethanolic extract; Histological studies