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IJPER · Lens · An Albumin-Glutaraldehyde Nanoparticle Loaded with Berberine Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer HCT-116 Cells

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Article · Volume 59, Issue 2 · pp. 563–573

An Albumin-Glutaraldehyde Nanoparticle Loaded with Berberine Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer HCT-116 Cells

Murugan Alwarkurichi Munusamy1, Muruganantham Bharathi2, Abdullah A. Alarfaj3, Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali4, Subbarayan Sarathbabu5, Ravichandran Nagaiya6

  1. 1Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  2. 2Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  3. 3Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
  4. 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Isra University, Amman, JORDAN.
  5. 5Muthayammal Centre for Advanced Research (MCAR), Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  6. 6College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Linan, Hangzhou, CHINA.

Abstract

Background The study aims to synthesize and characterize berberine-loaded albumin-glutaraldehyde nanoparticles and evaluate their anticancer activity against colon cancer HCT-116 cells. The research focuses on the mechanisms involved in oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis, crucial for inhibiting colon cancer growth and promoting overall health. Materials and Methods The synthesized Berberine-Albumin NPs were characterized using several techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Photoluminescence (PL) studies. The antibacterial potentials of Berberine-Albumin NPs against various pathogens were examined using the well diffusion technique. The cytotoxicity of Berberine-Albumin NPs against HCT-116 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The study evaluated ROS production and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells treated with Berberine-Albumin NPs using fluorescence staining and oxidative stress marker levels using assay kits. Results The characterization analyses revealed the presence of Berberine-Albumin NPs with a cuboidal shape and an average particle size of 155.80 nm. Several elements and functional groups in Berberine-Albumin NPs were also identified. The synthesized Berberine-Albumin NPs exhibited remarkable antimicrobial properties by efficiently suppressing the growth of several pathogens. The treatment with Berberine-Albumin NPs effectively suppressed the proliferation of HCT-116 cells. The findings of fluorescence staining experiments confirmed more ROS accumulation and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells treated with Berberine-Albumin NPs. The administration of Berberine-Albumin NPs resulted in an upregulation of oxidative stress in HCT-116 cells. Conclusion In summary, this work revealed that synthesized Berberine-Albumin NPs had anticancer effects against colon cancer. Hence, the present findings indicate that Berberine-Albumin NPs hold promise as an effective candidate for colon cancer treatment. In future studies, we would like to evaluate clinical relevance, comparative analysis, long-term effects and biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of Berberine-Albumin NPs.

Keywords: Nanoparticles; Berberine; Albumin; Colon cancer; Oxidative stress; Apoptosis

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