Article · Volume 60, Issue 4S · pp. s1594–s1603
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Study of Protocatechuic Acid Nanosuspensions Assessed by in silico Molecular Analysis and AO/EB Staining Technique
Navaneethakrishnan Subramanian1, Vijayaraj Surendran2, Rajkumar Selvam2, Murugesan Vanangamudi3, Thiruveni Azhagarsamy2, Raghavendra Kumar Gunda4
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Kalam College of Pharmacy, Avanam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Dr. Kalam College of Pharmacy, Avanam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
- 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Narasaraopeta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Autonomous), Narasaraopet, Palnadu, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
Abstract
Background: Bone cancer, particularly osteosarcoma, is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Protocatechuic Acid (PCA), a plant-derived polyphenol, holds anticancer potential but suffers from poor bioavailability.Materials and Methods: This study investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of PCA Nanosuspensions (PCA-NS) on MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells and evaluated its molecular interactions via docking with two target proteins, topoisomerase II alpha (1ZXN) and p53 (1TUP).Results: PCA-NS exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 46.10 µg/mL, and AO/ EB dual staining revealed apoptosis as the predominant mode of cell death. Molecular docking confirmed stable binding interactions with both targets, supporting the anticancer potential of PCA.Conclusion: These results highlight PCA-NS's significance as a viable option for treating bone cancer.
Keywords: AO/EB Staining; Apoptosis; Molecular Docking; Nanosuspensions; Osteosarcoma; Protocatechuic Acid
The full text of this article is available as a PDF. Open the PDF.