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IJPI · Lens · Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Monarda citriodora Growing in Kashmir

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Article · Volume 11, Issue 2 · pp. 170–175

Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Monarda citriodora Growing in Kashmir

Abdul Rouf Wani1, Kanchan Yadav1

  1. 1Department of Botany, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.

Abstract

Objectives: The main aim of this research was to evaluate phytochemicals, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and antioxidant Activities of the essential Oil of Monarda citriodora growing in Kashmir (India).Materials and Methods: Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the flowers of Monarda citriodora was analysed by a combination of capillary gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) techniques. The essential oil was evaluated for its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against two fungal and seven bacterial strains. The antiproliferative efficacy was evaluated by Sulphorhodamine-B assay.Results: A total of 13 components were identified constituting 99.4% of the total oil composition. Thymol (79.7%), P-cymene (7.7%), Tricyclene (4.5%) and carvacrol (3.0%) were found to be the major components. The oil composition was totally dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes constituting 83.2%. Additionally, potent and broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activities were shown by the essential oil. In vitro cytotoxic studies revealed concentration dependent growth inhibition of all target cancer cell lines in the 10-100 µg/ml dilution range, with IC50 values of 24.2µg/ml (THP-1), 55.5µg/ml (A-549), 31µg/ml (HEP-2) and 37.5µg/ml (Caco-2). Antioxidant studies of the essential oil evaluated by two complementary assays viz DPPH and hydroxyl radical assays confirmed that the oil exhibited potent and dose-dependent inhibition of the DPPH and hydroxyl radicals with IC50 values of 19.3µg/ml and 39.2µg/ml respectively.Conclusion: We concluded that the essential of Monarda citriodora growing in Kashmir is rich in chemical composition and possess significant antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Keywords: Monarda citriodora; GC-MS; Antibacterial activity; antiproliferative activity; Essential oil

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