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JPP · Lens · Therapeutic Targets in Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Overview

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Review · Volume 17, Issue 4 · pp. 507–517

Therapeutic Targets in Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Overview

Kapil Yadav1, Rohit Malik2,3, Nidhi Gehlawat4, Namita Solanki5, Syam Mohan6,7, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab8, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha8, Abdullah Farasani9, Jobran M. Moshi9, Ahmad Assiri10, Saeed Alshahrani11, Khaled A. Sahli12, Hussam M. Shubaily13, Marwa Qadri11, Amani Khardali14, Waseem Hassan15

  1. 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
  2. 2SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  3. 3ICFAI School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The ICFAI University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
  4. 4School of Commerce & Business Management, Geeta University, Panipat, Haryana, India.
  5. 5ICFAI Business School (IBS), The ICFAI University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
  6. 6School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
  7. 7Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
  8. 8Health Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  9. 9Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  10. 10Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  11. 11Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  12. 12Security Forces Hospitals Program, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  13. 13Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  14. 14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  15. 15Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of about 10%. Hyperandrogenism, anovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology, and related hormonal and metabolic abnormalities are its hallmarks. This review focuses on the pathophysiologic landmarks, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies, including hormonal, metabolic, and pharmacological interventions associated with PCOS. Comprehensive literature collection was conducted using various scientific databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on Rotterdam criteria, which include the presence of at least two of the following features: oligo- or anovulation, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, elevated free androgen index levels in serum, and polycystic ovaries on sonography. The endocrine dysfunctions include hyperandrogenism (causing hirsutism and acne), anovulation with irregular menstruation, and multiple ovarian follicles. Management is individualized based on symptoms and fertility goals. Diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of a single definitive test, as PCOS is a multifactorial disorder. This review helps in the management and diagnosis of PCOS, and it is mainly based on the Rotterdam criteria and involves multiple pharmacological and supportive strategies.

Keywords: Hyperandrogenism; infertility; insulin resistance; oral contraceptives; polycystic ovary syndrome

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