Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rhizome Extract Attenuates the Complete Freund’s Adjuvantinduced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats
Patrick A. Kalona, Uma Sundaresan, Chellappandian M., Ariharasivakumar G.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects nearly 4% of the world’s population, along with an increasing rate of new cases. Objectives: The current work was focused on investigating the anti-arthritic efficacy of the Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome extract (CXRE) against the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-triggered RA in rats. Materials and Methods: The RA was triggered in the experimental rats and then administered with CXRE, respectively, for 14 days. The body weight and paw edema of the rats were measured precisely. The levels of hematological biomarkers were measured using an automated hematological analyzer. The kidney injury biomarkers level was assessed using assay kits. The status of total protein and oxidative stress biomarkers was measured using kits. Histopathological studies were done on the hind limb tissues. Results: The treatment with the CXRE improved body weight and diminished paw edema in the CFA-triggered RA rats. The C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor levels were appreciably attenuated by the CXRE treatment. A substantial reduction in renal markers was observed in the CXRE-treated RA rats. The CXRE increased the red blood cells and hemoglobin while reducing the white blood cell and erythrocyte sedimentation rate status in the RA rats. The antioxidants catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were boosted, and lipid peroxidation status was depleted by the CXRE in the RA rats. The CXRE also ameliorated the CFA-induced histological alterations in the CFA-induced RA rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current results demonstrated that the CXRE appreciably attenuated the CFA-induced RA progression in the experimental rats via its potential antioxidant and salutary properties. Therefore, it could be utilized as a promising anti-arthritic agent to treat RA.