Phenytoin‑induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: Review and recommendations

Abstract

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a serious, life‑threatening skin reaction characterized by severe exfoliation and destruction of the epidermis of the skin. In most TEN cases, drugs are believed to be the causative agent; antipsychotics, antiepileptics, and other medications such as sulfonamides are among the most common causes of drug‑induced TEN. Phenytoin, a commonly prescribed medication for seizure, was found to cause TEN. Evidence‑based treatment guidelines are lacking, so the best strategy is to identify and avoid potential risk factors and to provide intensive supportive care. The aim of this literature review is to focus on phenytoin‑induced TEN, to explore the risk factors, and to highlight the possible treatment options once phenytoin‑induced TEN is confirmed.

Keywords: Adverse drug reaction; diphenylhydantoin; Lyell’s syndrome; phenytoin toxicity; Stevens–Johnson syndrome; toxic epidermal necrolysis