Tetralogy of Fallot in Adult - Uncorrected and Rare Presentation: A Case Report

Abstract

Tetralogy of Fallot is a type of critical congenital heart disease that reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the body in which adults usually live past the age of 21. Despite the fact that the average life span of a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot who does not have surgery is 12 years, it is believed that approximately 10% of patients live to be 21 years old. Tetralogy of Fallot affects around 3.5% of newborns with congenital cardiac disease, or one in 3600 or 0.28 out of every 1000 live births. Males and females are similarly affected. The majority of patients begin to show symptoms in childhood such as fatigue, shortness of breath and cyanosis needing early intervention. We described a case of a man in his early 20s who postponed the operational procedure despite being identified with Tetralogy of Fallot at the earliest possible stage. A few instances of asymptomatic middle-aged individuals surviving have been documented, and the number is declining as a result of early detection. The example demonstrates the viability of detecting such events in an adult patient despite breakthroughs and growth in medicine.

Keywords: Tetralogy of Fallot; Congenital Heart Disease; Ventricular Hypertrophy; Overriding Aorta; Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCA); Ventricular Septal Defect