Evans Syndrome: A Case Study with Substantial Comparison of Literature Review

Abstract

Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of two or more cytopenias, most commonly Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA), regardless of immune neutropenia. Evans' syndrome is a rare condition and its prevalence rate is relative low (estimated prevalence to be around 0.5 to 1 case per 2 million). We describe a case of a 16-year-old female patient affected, who was admitted with complaints, of generalized weakness, pale skin and sever bleeding. The symptoms were controlled by treating with Tab. Azithromycin, Tab. Prednisolone, Tab. Pantoprazole, Tab. Folic Acid and through a blood transfusion. During the follow-up period, it was observed that the patient's platelet count, hemoglobin levels and white blood cell count remained lower than normal. This persistent abnormality suggested that the patient's condition fit the diagnosis of Evans, syndrome. Diagnosing Evans syndrome is crucial, as it helps identify and address the autoimmune disorder. Early diagnosis in this case may allow for timely medical intervention and reducing complications

Keywords: Evans Syndrome (ES); Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA); Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)