Cytotoxic, Antimitotic, and Antiproliferation Studies on Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food

Abstract

Background: Rasam is a traditional South Indian food, prepared using tamarind juice as a base, with a variety of spices. Rasam, with all its ingredients medicinally claimed for various ailments, is a functional food. Systematic consumption of traditional functional food provides an excellent preventive measure to ward off many diseases.Objective: To study rasam for cytotoxic, antimitotic, and antiproliferation potential beyond its culinary and nutritional effect.Materials and Methods: Brine shrimp lethality assay, onion root tip inhibition assay, and 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in Calu‑6, HeLa, MCF‑7 cell lines for four stage‑wise samples in the preparation of rasam (RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4) were studied.Results: RS4, the end product of rasam showed high lethality with an LC50 value of 38.7 µL/mL. It showed maximum antimitotic activity in a dose‑dependent manner compared to other samples with an IC50 value of 189.86 µL/mL. RS4 also showed an IC50 value of 350.22 and 410.15 µL/mL in MCF‑7 and Calu‑6 cell lines, respectively.Conclusion: From this study, we suggest that rasam is a classic example of traditional functional food and it can treat breast and lung cancer on chronic use.

Keywords: Brine shrimp lethality; Calu‑6; HeLa; MCF‑7; onion root tip inhibition; Saaru