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PM · Lens · Sclerocarya birrea Fruit Peel Ameliorates Diet‑Induced Obesity and Selected Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Wistar Rats

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Article · Volume 17, Issue 75 · pp. 482–491

Sclerocarya birrea Fruit Peel Ameliorates Diet‑Induced Obesity and Selected Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Wistar Rats

Constance R. Sewani‑Rusike1, Othembela Ntongazana1, Godwill Azeh Engwa2, Hannibal T. Musarurwa1, Benedicta N. Nkeh‑Chungag2

  1. 1Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa.
  2. 2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.

Abstract

Background: The genus <em>Crotalaria</em> (Fabaceae) is known for its diverse pharmacological activities. <em>Crotalaria pallida</em> Aiton is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for various ailments.Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of <em>C. pallida</em> leaf extracts.Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization assays. Cytotoxicity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.Results: The methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 42.15 ± 1.24 μg/mL for DPPH and 128.45 ± 3.56 μg/mL for FRAP. The extract also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In the MTT assay, the extract showed significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 68.24 ± 2.15 μg/mL.Conclusion: The results suggest that <em>C. pallida</em> leaf extract possesses significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties, which could be attributed to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals.

Keywords: Insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity; Sclerocarya birrea fruit peel

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