Ameliorative Potential of Betanin on Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Respiratory Mucosal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Adult Zebrafish Model

Abstract

Background: Betanin, a natural pigment and glycosidic bioactive compound, possesses anti-inflammatory antioxidant activity.Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of betanin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced pulmonary inflammation in the zebrafish model.Materials and Methods: Zebrafish were randomly divided into five groups with control, CSE-exposed and betanintreated after CSE exposure for 3 and 6 days. Oxidative stress-related parameters like reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analysed, histopathological studies were carried out and gene expression of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-alpha, inducible NO synthase and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 cytokines was determined.Results: Treatment with betanin reduced ROS, MPO and NO with histopathological improvement, alleviating CSE-induced pulmonary inflammation. Further, decreased expression of the proinflammatory gene and increased expression of the antiinflammatory gene were observed after 6 days of treatment.Conclusion: Betanin exhibits a protective effect against CSE exposure by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

Keywords: Betanin; Pulmonary inflammation; Zebrafish; Gill toxicity; Oxidative stress; Cigarette smoke extract; Gene studies