Evaluating the Effectiveness of Calotropis procera Extract Against Eimeria magna Oocysts and Sporozoites in Rabbits in vitro

Background: Plant products are a reliable source of traditional and contemporary medications. Objectives: This research investigates the impact that the Calotropis procera plant has on the Eimeria magna oocysts and sporozoites. Materials and Methods: Twelve well-plates of 3 mL containing 1 × 104 unsporulated oocysts were revealed to six treatments: 2.5% potassium dichromate solution as the non-treated control, four concentrations of C. procera extract (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL), and toltrazuril 25 mg/mL as traditional medicine, in addition to 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 μg/mL concentrations for anti-sporozoites activities. The mixture was examined (after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h) for oocysticidal activities and after 12 and 24 h for anti-sporozoite activities. Results: The results showed that the extract contained five chemical components. The extract exhibited notable inhibition of E. magna oocysts at 100 mg/mL doses, with suppression rates of approximately 89% after 96 h, nearly similar to the utilized reference drug, toltrazuril. While C. procera extract exhibited inhibition, the highest suppression of 89% of E. magna sporozoite viability was observed at a concentration of 1,000 µm/mL at 24 h. The inhibitory rate increases with a more extended incubation duration and a higher concentration ratio. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that C. procera extract possesses inhibitory properties for oocyst sporulation, confirming that using the extract to treat coccidiosis is effective.