Impact of Resveratrol on Arrhythmias in Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure: Insights from Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Studies in a Rat Model

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) frequently arise as complications in chronic ischemic heart failure (CIHF). Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of resveratrol (RES) in a CIHF-induced rat model of VAs and explored the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Animals received the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to simulate CIHF and were subsequently treated daily with RES for 2 months. The subjects were categorized into five groups: normal control, VAs model, VAs model receiving simvastatin, and VAs models treated with RES at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. Key lipid factors, including highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), were evaluated using a biochemical analyzer. Serum concentrations of inflammatory markers like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2, endothelin (ET), and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified through radioimmunoassay (RIA). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed the VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and caspase-3 expression in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and Kv4.2, Cav1.2, and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the left ventricle. Results: RES treatment led to significant improvements (p < .05) in lipid profiles, characterized by decreased concentrations of LDL-C, TG, and TC, alongside an elevation in HDL-C. Additionally, RES significantly (p < .05) lowered inflammatory cytokines and the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, while enhancing the Cav1.2, Kv4.2, and NGF expression (p < .05). Furthermore, RES significantly (p < .05) elevated 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations and increased ET and TXB2 levels. Conclusion: RES emerges as an appropriate candidate for treating VAs.