Commiphora gileadensis Reduces Blood Glucose Levels and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetic Mice by Inducing Muscular GLUT4

Background: Diabetes mellitus represents a significant health challenge that affects the broader population. A small tree, Commiphora gileadensis (C. gileadensis), is native to the Middle East. Objectives: This research investigated the impact of C. gileadensis on blood glucose levels, HbA1c, GLUT2, GLUT4, and lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Sixty male mice were divided into six groups: negative control, untreated diabetic, and three groups of diabetic mice treated with C. gileadensis sap, methanolic extract, acetone extract, and the metformin-treated group. Random blood glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid profile, GLUT2, and GLUT4 were assessed for each mouse across the five groups. Results: The random blood glucose levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HbA1c were markedly decreased in mice administered with C. gileadensis extracts in comparison to the untreated diabetic group. Serum and hepatic GLUT2 were markedly increased in the metformin-treated group compared to untreated diabetic and diabetic treated with C. gileadensis. Serum and muscle GLUT4 levels were elevated in diabetic mice that were administered with the three C. gileadensis extracts relative to the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion: This study concludes that C. gileadensis sap and its methanol and acetone extracts lower serum random blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and lipid profiles in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, C. gileadensis extracts may reduce serum random blood glucose levels and HbA1c in diabetic mice via inducing muscle GLUT4.