jrnls.org logo
Submit

BROWSE ALL JOURNALS

SEE ALL 19 JOURNALS
Indian Journal of Pharmacy PracticeNOW IN
Article

Smokers Paradox Phenomenon and Impact of Pharmacists’ Smoking Cessation Counselling in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

Anandhasayanam Aravamuthan1★, Sharmia Vijayan1, Poovarasan Anbarasan1, Sathish Kumar Sakthivel1, Sundaramoorthy Sagadevan1, Sarmatha Velumani1, Subramaniyan Kannan1, Sangameswaran Balakrishnan1★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, SSM College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to the Dr. M.G.R. Medical University), Jambai, Erode, Tamil Nadu, INDIA..

CORRESPONDENCE

Anandhasayanam Aravamuthan

Department of Pharmacy Practice, SSM College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to the Dr. M.G.R. Medical University), Jambai, Erode, Tamil Nadu, INDIA..

jkkmanandha@gmail.com

Received: 11-09-2024; Revised: 20-10-2024; Accepted: 28-10-2024.

Volume 18, Issue 2 · pp. 199–205 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5530/ijopp.20250136

View on IJPP original site ↗

ABSTRACT

Background:The “smoker’s paradox” suggests that smokers may have better outcomes following Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) than non-smokers. However, this paradox remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the paradox by comparing clinical outcomes between chronic smokers, former smokers and non-smokers with AMI and to assess the impact of pharmacists’ smoking cessation counselling. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at Sudha Institute of Medical Sciences, Erode, involving 218 AMI patients. Data were collected on rehospitalization, recurrent Myocardial Infarction (MI), mortality, and comorbidities. The study population was divided into chronic smokers, former smokers and non-smokers. Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test, were used to evaluate the differences in patient outcomes and the effectiveness of smoking cessation counselling. The follow-up period assessed smoking cessation at day 90. Results: Chronic smokers had significantly worse outcomes compared to non-smokers, including higher mortality (37.6% vs. 23.5%, p<0.05), recurrent MI (47.7% vs. 28.2%, p<0.05), and rehospitalization rates. When female patients were excluded, these differences became more pronounced, with higher mortality (37.6% vs. 20%, p<0.05) and recurrent MI (47.7% vs. 25%, p<0.05). Former smokers had better outcomes than chronic smokers but fared worse than non-smokers. Smoking cessation counselling showed positive effects, with 30.8% of patients quitting smoking by day 90 (p=0.008). Conclusion:Contrary to the smoker’s paradox, chronic smokers experienced poorer short- and long-term outcomes post-AMI. Smoking cessation interventions, especially pharmacist-led counselling, improved patient outcomes, highlighting the need for continued efforts to reduce smoking in AMI patients.

KEYWORDS

Open in new tab

REFERENCES

As published

Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

    Cite this article

    SELECT FORMAT

    Aravamuthan, A., Vijayan, S., Anbarasan, P., Sakthivel, S. K., Sagadevan, S., Velumani, S., Kannan, S., & Balakrishnan, S. (). Smokers Paradox Phenomenon and Impact of Pharmacists’ Smoking Cessation Counselling in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 18(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijopp.20250136