Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Zidovudine-Lamivudine Nanoparticles

Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome commonly referred to as HIV/AIDS which have emerged as being the most serious and challenging public health problems in the world. Zidovudine-Lamivudine nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization in a continuous aqueous phase with different polymers poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA (50:50), Poly(lactic acid) PLA, Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA, Methylmethacrylate-Sulfopropylmethacrylate (MMA-SPM).

The particle size and the surface morphology results revealed that PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were smooth spherical with a size ranging from 58-224 nm. The drug content in lyophilized PLGA NPs was found to be 51.67% (Zidovudine) 58.33% (Lamivudine) and no drug loss was found after storage for 1 month at room temperature. In vitro release studies revealed that the rate of drug release from PLGA NPs was 95.38% in 10 h with zidovudine, and 97.37% in 10 h with lamivudine which was slower when compared to MMA-SPM, PLA and PMMA NPs. The rate of drug release from MMA-SPM NPs was 64.33% in 10 h with zidovudine and 95.43% in 10 h with lamivudine. Acute toxicity studies in mice revealed that the dose administered does not induce mortality in test animal.