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Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchNOW IN
Article

Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Potential of Cucumis prophetarum L. Fruit Extract

Sadique Akhtar Javed1★, Asaad Khalid2, Rym Hassani3, Syam Mohan4, Ashraf Nabiel Abdalla5, Zia ur Rehman1,2, Asim Najmi1, Khalid Zoghebi1, Hafiz Antar Makeen6, Mohammed Albratty1★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  2. 2Health Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  3. 3Environment and Nature Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  4. 4Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Kuthambakkam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  5. 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA.
  6. 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Sadique Akhtar Javed

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.

sajaved@jazanu.edu.sa

Received: 12-01-2026; Revised: 24-02-2026; Accepted: 08-04-2026.

Volume 60, Issue 3 · pp. 1189–1198 · PUBLISHED 2026 · DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20262051

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ABSTRACT

Objectives: The present study examined phytochemical composition of ethanolic extract and evaluated cytotoxic properties of Cucumis prophetarum L. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical composition of extract was evaluated by GC-MS and screened for cytotoxic activity by MTT assay. The human cancer cell-lines including MCF7, A2780, HT29, and Normal Fetal Lung Fibroblasts (MRC5), used to determine cytotoxicity and selectivity index of the extract. Results and Discussion: Fatty acid esters (43.74%), phthalic acid diesters (11.38%), fatty acid silyl esters (4.15%), and siloxane derivatives (3.88%), aromatic monoterpenes (2.75%) and pentacyclic triterpenoids (1.21%) were the main constituents detected in the extract. Results indicated that MCF7 cells exhibited highest sensitivity (IC50: 3.30 μg/mL) and the extract was selective and caused early apoptosis against the same cell-lines. Conclusion: The outcomes of this investigation indicated that the bioactive components in the extract might be employed for cytotoxic purposes. The study will be useful to establish the scientific basis for ethnopharmacological usage of the tested plant.

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    Javed, S. A., Khalid, A., Hassani, R., Mohan, S., Abdalla, A. N., Rehman, Z. U., Najmi, A., Zoghebi, K., Makeen, H. A., & Albratty, M. (2026). Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Potential of Cucumis prophetarum L. Fruit Extract. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 60(3), 1189–1198. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20262051