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International Journal of Pharmaceutical InvestigationNOW IN
Article

Factors Influencing Plasma Concentrations of Phenytoin, Phenobarbitone, Carbamazepine and Sodium Valproate in Epileptic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

Sudharshan Jagennath1, Gerard Marshal Raj2, Jayanthi Mathaiyan3★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, INDIA.
  2. 2Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pondicherry, INDIA.
  3. 3Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, INDIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Jayanthi Mathaiyan

Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, INDIA.

drjayanthi2008@gmail.com

Volume 9, Issue 1 · pp. 20–24 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5330/ijpi.2019.1.6

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ABSTRACT

Objective:The traditional anti-epileptic drugs like phenytoin, sodium valproate and carbamazepine continue to be used widely in the low to middle income countries due to their time tested efficacy and low costs. The factors which affect the AED concentrations in non-toxicity indications has not been reported so far. Hence, we studied the factors that could influence the plasma concentrations of these AEDs. Methods:This is a retrospective record based study and a short term prosepective study. Requisition forms of epileptic patients referred for TDM 2012-2014 were compared with the AED concentrations reported. Epileptic patients who were referred during May-June 2015 for TDM were evaluated for their seizure history and anthropometic measurements for calculation of extracellular volume (VECW ) and compared with the AED concentrations. Results: Out of the 170 requisitions for TDM, 68.2% were monotherapy and 31.8% received two or more antiepileptic drugs. In 44% of patients, the plasma concentrations of the AED correlated with clinical response. In our study the plasma level of carbamazepine was found to be reduced by phenytoin, sodium valproate concentration was reduced by carbamazepine and phenytoin levels were reduced by sodium valproate. In male, phenytoin levels were significantly lower than in female, Phenytoin decreased carbamazepine levels significantly in female. Carbamazepine significantly decreased sodium valproate concentrations in females. Carbamazepine dose adjusted for weight and VECW was found to show a trend of correlation to the blood levels, Conclusion: TDM for AEDs is an indispensable investigation that guides the clinicians to tailor dose of drugs in individual patients. Factors such as age, gender, concomitant drugs in general and VECW in patients on carbamazepine needs to be considered while interpreting AED plasma concentrations for monitoring therapy.

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    Jagennath, S., Raj, G. M., & Mathaiyan, J. (). Factors Influencing Plasma Concentrations of Phenytoin, Phenobarbitone, Carbamazepine and Sodium Valproate in Epileptic Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 9(1), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.5330/ijpi.2019.1.6