Oxidative Stress Induced by Fluoroquinolones on Treatment for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in Indian Patients

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the oxidative stress in patients on fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin) therapy for complicated urinary tract infections and to correlate with plasma concentrations at different time intervals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, plasma antioxidant status and lipid peroxides were evaluated in 52 patients on different dosage regimens up to 5 days. There is significant and gradual elevation of lipid peroxide levels in patients on ciprofloxacin (3.6±0.34 nmol/ml to 6.2±0.94 nmol/ml) and levofloxacin (3.5±0.84 nmol/ml to 5.1±0.28 nmol/ml) dosage regimen but not with gatifloxacin (3.5±0.84 nmol/ml to 3.74±0.17 nmol.ml). There was substantial depletion in both SOD and glutathione levels particularly with ciprofloxacin. On the 5th day of treatment, plasma antioxidant status decreased by 77.6%, 50.5%, 7.56% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin respectively. In conclusion ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin induce more reactive oxygen species that lead to cell damage than gatifloxacin irrespective of their concentrations in patient population.

Keywords: Dosage regimen; 2; 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; fluoroquinolones; lipid peroxides; superoxidedismutase