Peptidomic Differences Between Natural Musk and Secretions from Forest Musk Gland Cells Cultured in vitro

ABSTRACT

Background: The Chinese forest musk deer, a solitary ungulate renowned for its musk secretion, is under extinction threat despite its extensive use in traditional Chinese medicine and perfumery. The demand for musk significantly outstrips its natural supply. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the differences in peptide profiles between cultured musk gland cells and natural musk to develop sustainable alternatives for musk production and aid in the conservation of musk deer. Materials and Methods: Musk samples from Chinese forest musk deer and cultured cells were collected and analyzed using the EASY-nLC 1000 system. Peptide extraction, nano LC–MS/MS analysis, and advanced peptidomics techniques were employed to identify and compare peptide compositions. Results: The study found significant differences in secreted and natural musk peptide compositions. Cultured cells could partially replicate the complex peptide environment of natural musk, with some unique peptides identified in natural samples not present in cultured secretions. Conclusion: While cultured musk gland cells show potential in mimicking natural musk synthesis, notable differences in peptide profiles suggest the importance of the gland’s microenvironment and the deer’s physiological conditions. This research establishes a foundation for optimizing culture techniques to enhance the therapeutic qualities of synthesized musk, contributing to the sustainable production of musk and the conservation of the species.

KEYWORDS

• Musk
• musk gland cells
• peptidomics
• secretion

Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

• DOI10.1177/09731296251313659Copy

RELATED ARTICLES

Matched on section and article type within this issue of PM.

• Article · VOLUME 21, ISSUE 4Reserpine Ameliorates 1,2-Dimethylhydrazineinduced Colon Cancer through Regulating Xenobiotic Enzymes and Bax/Caspases/Bcl2-mediated Apoptotic Mechanisms in RatsWenli He, Lina He · pp. 1165–1175Original Research ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 21, ISSUE 4Study on the Neuroprotective Mechanism of Salidroside Modified with Polydopamine Nanoparticles in Regulating Notch Pathway by Inhibiting miR-155 in Stroke Ratsactivity of AQP, TLR TLR, Song Liu, Xiaomeng Lv, Dong Wang · pp. 1176–1186Original Research ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 21, ISSUE 4Exploring Beta-sitosterol’s Role in Breast Cancer Treatment via Integrated Network Pharmacological Analysis and in vitro ValidationJiaxing Yu, Shuqin Cheng, Zelin Ye, Ming Zhang, Xinlei Zhao · pp. 1201–1211Original Research ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 21, ISSUE 4Artemetin Inhibits Cell Growth and Activates Caspase-dependent Apoptotic Cell Death Colon Cancer HCT-116 CellsYan Chen, Lu Men · pp. 1212–1219Original Research ArticleSame type: Article