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In vitro Biological Evaluation and in vivo Anti-inflammatory Effect of Chicozapote (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) Leaf Extracts in Mice with Internal Atrial Edema

Araceli Torres-Martínez1, Juan José Acevedo-Fernández2, Nelly del Carmen Jiménez-Pérez3, Fanny Adabel González-Alejo1, Pedro García-Alamilla1, Maximiano Antonio Estrada-Botello1, Jesús Alfredo Araujo-León4, Areli Carrera-Lanestosa1★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, MEXICO.
  2. 2Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, MEXICO.
  3. 3Academic Division of Biological Sciences, UJAT Herbarium, Villahermosa, Tabasco, MEXICO.
  4. 4Integrative Biology Unit, Scientific Research Center of Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, MEXICO.

CORRESPONDENCE

Areli Carrera-Lanestosa

Academic Division of Agricultural Sciences, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, MEXICO.

areli.carrera2000@gmail.com

Received: 04-08-2024; Accepted: 16-12-2024.

Volume 21, Issue 4 · pp. 1313–1322 · PUBLISHED 2025 · DOI: 10.1177/09731296251313843

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ABSTRACT

Background: In Mexico, the fruit of the Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (Chicozapote) tree is widely consumed; however, numerous studies have identified bioactive compounds within its leaves. Objectives: To evaluate the bioactive properties of M. zapota leaf extracts, focusing on their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive potentials, and assessing their efficacy in mitigating inflammation. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of aqueous (AE), ethanolic (EE), and hydroalcoholic (HE) extracts, utilizing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Anti-diabetic activity was assessed by inhibiting the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, while anti-hypertensive efficacy was measured via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The anti-inflammatory potential was also examined in vivo using a murine model of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ear edema. Results: The DPPH assay revealed that all extracts exhibited equivalent antioxidant capacities at the same concentration, with no significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Conversely, the ABTS assay demonstrated that AE possessed superior activity (4.6−28.5%) across varying concentrations. EE exhibited the most potent inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE, with 81.8%, 58.9%, and 87.8%, respectively. In anti-inflammatory assays, EE at a 5 mg dosage significantly outperformed other extracts. Conclusion: These findings suggest that M. zapota leaf extracts, mainly through EE, could offer a viable natural alternative for reducing inflammation and potentially managing diabetes and hypertension.

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    Torres-Martínez, A., Acevedo-Fernández, J. J., Jiménez-Pérez, N. D. C., González-Alejo, F. A., García-Alamilla, P., Estrada-Botello, M. A., Araujo-León, J. A., & Carrera-Lanestosa, A. (2025). In vitro Biological Evaluation and in vivo Anti-inflammatory Effect of Chicozapote (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) Leaf Extracts in Mice with Internal Atrial Edema. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 21(4), 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731296251313843