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Evaluation of Selectivity Index and Phytoconstituents Profile of Various Extracts from the Stem of Strychnos lucida R. Br. as Anti-malarial

Uswatun Khasanah1★, Alvan Febrian Shalas1, Bachtiar Rifai Pratita Ihsan1, Lung Ayu Asti Wulandari2, Nadela Cintya Nurtyas2, Waril W2, Iin Alipiani2, Ulfa Malihatus Sholiha2★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDIA.
  2. 2Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Uswatun Khasanah

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDIA.

uswah_apt@ub.ac.id

Received: 05-06-2023; Revised: 07-07-2023; Accepted: 26-07-2023.

Volume 15, Issue 4 · pp. 733–750 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5530/pres.15.4.078

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Strychnos lucida R. Br. or Songga was empirically used as an anti-malarial and immunostimulant in the Tetun tribe, Indonesia. However, almost all plants from the genus Strychnos contain the alkaloid toxic compound strychnine. Objectives:The aims of this study are to determinein vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity, to analyze the selectivity index, and to measure the phytoconstituents of various extracts (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane) fromS. lucida stem. Materials and Methods: In vitro anti-malarial study was conducted against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7-chloroquine-sensitive, and in vitro cytotoxic was performed against Monkey kidney Vero cell. Plasmodium bergheiANKA-chloroquine sensitive infected malaria mice were used as a model for evaluation of in vivoanti-plasmodial. Phytoconstituents profile was determined using Thermo scientific LC-HRMS, and the m/z data was analyzed using Compound Discoverer software with mzCloud MS/MS Library. Results:Water (W), Ethanol (E), and Ethyl Acetate (EA) extract exhibited more potentialin vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity than n-hexane (H) extract (IC50 2.48±0.09; 2.45±0.02; 2.90±0.07; 7.64±0.30 μg/mL, respectively). The selectivity index of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract are 211.47, 78.46, 249.62, and 32.39, respectively). According to the LC-HRMS profile, water and ethanol extract mainly contain alkaloid and phenolic compounds. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane mostly contain terpenoids and fatty acids. Conclusion:According to the result, we conclude that ethanol and water extract from S. lucida R. Br. display potential anti-malarial. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds probably have the most contribution to their anti-malarial activity.

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    Khasanah, U., Shalas, A. F., Ihsan, B. R. P., Wulandari, L. A. A., Nurtyas, N. C., W, W., Alipiani, I., & Sholiha, U. M. (). Evaluation of Selectivity Index and Phytoconstituents Profile of Various Extracts from the Stem of Strychnos lucida R. Br. as Anti-malarial. Pharmacognosy Research, 15(4), 733–750. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.15.4.078