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Epidemiology and associated factors for hospitalization-related respiratory syncytial virus infection among children less than five years of age in Saudi Arabia. A Real-World Retrospective Analysis

Hind M. AlOsaimi1, Ghusun M. Alhazimi2, Maymunah A. Aljasir3, Abdulsalam A. Alharbi4, Noura A. AlAtwi5, Areej A. Alenzi6, Abdullah M. Alresheedi7, Layla Abadalwahab8, Afnan Saleh8, Zahra Alsalem8, Zahra Aljaroudi9, Ruba Alsulami10, Noof K. Alamer11, Atheer Alruwaili12, Mohammed Kanan13★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Pharmacy Services Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  2. 2Department of Bacteriology lab, Northern Border Regional Laboratory, Northern borders cluster, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  3. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  4. 4Department of Pharmacy, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
  5. 5Pediatric Department, at East Jeddah General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  6. 6Department of Infection Control and Public Health, Regional Laboratory in Northern Border Region, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  7. 7Department of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  8. 8Nursing department, maternity and children Hospital Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Dammam.
  9. 9Laboratory department, Comprehensive screening center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Dammam.
  10. 10Department of medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  11. 11Department of medicine, king Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  12. 12Pharmaceutical Services Department, Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital, King Khalid Military, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  13. 13Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Northern Borders Cluster, Rafha Centeral Hospital, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

CORRESPONDENCE

Mohammed Kanan

Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Northern Borders Cluster, Rafha Centeral Hospital, Rafha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ii_kanan101@outlook.com

Received: 07-05-2024; Accepted: 05-08-2024.

Volume 23, Issue 1 · pp. 3112 · PUBLISHED 23 January 2025 · DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2025.1.3112

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ABSTRACT

Background: The rapid development, approval, and distribution of these vaccines highlight the need to carefully assess their safety. One significant concern is the incidence of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). There are few reports on the factors influencing AEFI and differences in AEFI among different COVID-19 vaccine brands in Thailand. Exploration of the incidence and factors related to post-vaccination adverse reactions against SARS-CoV-2 in the population attending vaccination centers in Thailand is considered pivotal. Objective: To investigate the incidence and factors associated with adverse events following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Ubon Ratchathani province. Methods: We analyzed data from individuals who received COVID-19 vaccinations in Ubon Ratchathani province between June 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022. Results: The study examined data from 2,955,978 COVID-19 vaccines administered in Ubon Ratchathani province. Among these, 3.34% experienced an AEFI, further categorized into events occurring within 30 min (0.17%) and after 30 min (3.19%) of vaccination. The occurrences were higher in females compared to males. The age groups exhibited distinct AEFI rates, with children aged 5–17 years and adults aged 18–60 years facing a higher risk. Additionally, individuals with comorbidities are more likely to experience AEFI. The brand of the vaccine and the number of doses administered also influenced AEFI rates. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into AEFI reports, vaccine brands, and associated risk factors, and offers crucial information for vaccine safety monitoring and management. Conclusion: This COVID-19 vaccine adverse events study revealed that higher odds of adverse events were associated with being female, younger, having comorbidities, brand of vaccines, or getting over two doses. These findings provide valuable real-world safety information regarding different COVID-19 vaccines, aiding healthcare professionals and policymakers in effectively monitoring and managing vaccine-related AEFI.

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    AlOsaimi, H. M., Alhazimi, G. M., Aljasir, M. A., Alharbi, A. A., AlAtwi, N. A., Alenzi, A. A., Alresheedi, A. M., Abadalwahab, L., Saleh, A., Alsalem, Z., Aljaroudi, Z., Alsulami, R., Alamer, N. K., Alruwaili, A., & Kanan, M. (2025). Epidemiology and associated factors for hospitalization-related respiratory syncytial virus infection among children less than five years of age in Saudi Arabia. A Real-World Retrospective Analysis. Pharmacy Practice, 23(1), 3112. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2025.1.3112