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Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchNOW IN
Article

Apoptotic Activity of Protopine against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines: An in vitro Study

Shoujun Li1, Gothai Sivapragasam2, Palanisamy Arulselvan3, Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap4★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of General Surgery, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Zhongshan, Songjiang, Shanghai, CHINA.
  2. 2Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, MALAYSIA.
  3. 3Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  4. 4Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap

Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.

amanap@kfu.edu.sa

ORCID: 0000-0003-2319-3047

Received: 31-10-2023; Revised: 25-12-2023; Accepted: 06-02-2024.

Volume 58, Issue 2S · pp. s616–s622 · PUBLISHED Apr-Jun 2024 · DOI: 10.5530/ijper.58.2s.65

View on IJPER original site ↗

ABSTRACT

Background Breast Cancer continues to rank among all cancer types as the most dangerous malignancies, accounting for a significant portion of cancer-associated mortalities among women globally. Additionally, the number of breast cancer cases that are identified each year is rising globally. After surgery or radiation, the typical therapies entail chemotherapy which is followed by endocrine therapy. However, breast cancer is extremely resistant to therapies, which causes it to recur. As a result, emphasis is being placed on the development of complementary medicines with fewer adverse effects that are obtained from plants. An isoquinoline alkaloid, Protopine, possesses an array of biological properties, including anti-tumor efficacy against several malignancies. Materials and Methods In this work, the anti-carcinogenic property of Protopine against the MDA-MB-231 cells has been investigated. The impact of Protopine on cell growth, apoptosis, ROS accumulation, and apoptotic marker levels was investigated. Doxorubicin was employed as the positive control drug in the studies. Results The effect of Protopine on cell growth demonstrated its cytotoxic property was elevated dose-dependently and IC50 concentration was selected for additional work. The AO/EB and DAPI staining was performed to examine morphological alterations concerning apoptotic cell death. Additionally, Protopine augmented the ROS accumulation and induced DNA damage in Protopine-treated cells. The caspase levels were also increased upon Protopine treatment. Discussion and Conclusion The outcomes highlight that Protopine remarkably inhibited cell growth by augmenting the ROS levels, inducing DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, leading to cell death by caspase-dependent pathway. Thus, Protopine could be possibly employed as an effective anti-cancer alternative for breast cancer treatment.

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    Li, S., Sivapragasam, G., Arulselvan, P., & Manap, A. S. A. (2024). Apoptotic Activity of Protopine against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines: An in vitro Study. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 58(2S), s616–s622. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.58.2s.65