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Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchNOW IN
Article

Topical Chitosan-Based Nanogel of Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract against Bacterial Infections: Development, Characterization, Optimization and in vitro Studies

Gopal Prasad Agrawal1, Adil Abalkhail2, Osama Abdulaziz3, Lina Eltaib4, Muhammad Irfan Siddique4, Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani5, Abida Abida6,7, Mohd Imran6,7, Sherif Mohammed Shoeib8, Faez Falah Alshehri9, Zafer Saad Al Shehri9, Ahmed Farag Elkirdasy10, Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil11★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
  2. 2Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.
  3. 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.
  4. 4Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  5. 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA.
  6. 6Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  7. 7Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, SAUDI ARABIA.
  8. 8Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University, EGYPT.
  9. 9Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, SAUDI ARABIA.
  10. 10Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, EGYPT.
  11. 11Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Pallickal Post, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil

Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Pallickal Post, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA.

bensonpharma12@gmail.com

Received: 18-10-2024; Revised: 09-12-2024; Accepted: 21-03-2025.

Volume 59, Issue 3 · pp. 982–994 · PUBLISHED 2025 · DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20251041

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ABSTRACT

Background: Skin infections caused by bacterial pathogens pose a significant health concern, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy of Filipendula ulmaria extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against bacterial skin infections. Materials and Methods: The aerial part of the Filipendula ulmaria plant was extracted using the Soxhlet technique with water and methanol in a 70:30 v/v ratio. The resulting extract was utilized to formulate chitosan nanoparticles through the anionotropic gelation technique, which were subsequently incorporated into a gel matrix. The nanoparticles underwent comprehensive characterization for size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency percentage. Optimization was achieved using the Box-Behnken design, followed by in vitro-release testing. The nanogel underwent various analyses, including texture analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, dermatokinetic evaluation, stability assessment and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results: The formulated nanoparticles exhibited a size of 100.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.2965 and an entrapment efficiency of 84.5%. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model exhibited the best fit with a linear correlation coefficient of R²=0.95. Comparative analysis with the conventional drug (tetracycline) highlighted the superior dermatokinetic performance of the nanostructure on both epidermal and dermal skin layers, along with enhanced antioxidant scavenging activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for inhibiting the growth of B. subtilis ranged from 9.07±0.53 to 16.88±0.51 and for E. coli ranged from 8.2±0.48 to 19.11±0.74, with the highest value observed for the 60 mg nanoformulation. Conclusion: The Filipendula ulmaria extract-loaded chitosan nanogel demonstrated potent efficacy against bacterial pathogens, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.

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    Agrawal, G. P., Abalkhail, A., Abdulaziz, O., Eltaib, L., Siddique, M. I., Alzahrani, A. R., Abida, A., Imran, M., Shoeib, S. M., Alshehri, F. F., Shehri, Z. S. A., Elkirdasy, A. F., & Kochikuzhyil, B. M. (2025). Topical Chitosan-Based Nanogel of Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract against Bacterial Infections: Development, Characterization, Optimization and in vitro Studies. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 59(3), 982–994. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20251041