Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Naringenin Loaded Cubosomes for Effective Management of Alzheimer's Disease

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The goal of this work was to formulate a stable naringenin-loaded cubosomal in situ gel to improve naringenin absorption into the brain by direct nose-to-brain transfer. Materials and Methods: This investigation aimed to prepare, optimize and evaluate a cubosomal in situ gel containing naringenin, aimed at facilitating the delivery of the drug to the brain via nasal administration. Cubosomes were fabricated using a top-down methodology and optimization was conducted using 32 factorial designs. Cubosomes were analyzed for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential and cumulative percent drug release. Poloxamer-407 was used as a thermoreversible and mucoadhesive polymer for preparing naringenin-loaded cubosomal in situ gel. Results: The optimized cubosome formulation (F3) containing 3% Glyceryl Monooleate (GMO) and 1.5% poloxamer, exhibited a particle size of 123.2 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 71.12% and a zeta potential of -38.61. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image represented the smooth cubic structure of naringenin-loaded cubosomes. The thermoreversible in situ gel demonstrated appropriate gelation temperatures, viscosities, pH levels and in vitro drug diffusion characteristics. The in vitro drug diffusion study revealed a higher percentage cumulative drug release, reaching 82.21%. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrated enhanced capability of the developed naringenin-loaded cubosomes to facilitate drug permeation through the nasal cavity.

KEYWORDS

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Brain targeting
• Cubosomes
• Naringenin
• Nasal delivery

Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

• DOI10.5530/ijper.20251264Copy

RELATED ARTICLES

Matched on section and article type within this issue of IJPER.

• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Students' Perception of the “Two-Stage” Collaborative Examination Based on the Focus Group Interview MethodLi Ming Wang, Yan Chun Wang, Shan Shan Li, Ying Jin · pp. 1272–1276Original ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Investigate of the Relationship between Thinking Styles and Classroom Management of the Teachers of Vocational CollegesWeiguo Hu, Zi Ye, Chou Chen, Wei Chen, Chan Li, Haijun Zhou, Ruiyang Chen · pp. 1277–1284Original ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Screening and Optimization of Various Formulation and Processing Parameters for the Development of AquasomesKhushboo Katharotiya, Dhaval Katharotiya, Lalit Lata Jha · pp. 1285–1292Original ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Co-Delivery of Sphingosomal Formulation Containing BCL2 siRNA Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Lung CancerPrashant Nayak, Rompicherla Narayana Charyulu · pp. 1293–1304Original ArticleSame type: Article