Atorvastatin Ameliorates Neuroinflammatory Response in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rats through the GSK-3β/β-Catenin Pathway

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate influence of Atorvastatin (ATV) on the neuroinflammatory response in experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) through the GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling Pathway (SPW). Materials and Methods: Forty-five rats were randomly rolled into Sham, ICH (established using the Fredrik methodology) and ATV intervention (ICH model+10 mg/kg ATV) groups, each comprising 15 rats. Neurological deficits in rats were assessed using the Garcia methodology. Brain Water Content (BWC) was measured via wet-dry methodology. Nissl staining was conducted to observe Brain Tissue (BT) histological changes and count undamaged neurons. Expression Levels (ELs) of β-catenin, GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in BT were detected. Levels of Inflammatory Factors (IFs) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in rat cerebrospinal fluid were measured. Results: Relative to Sham group, ICH group exhibited decreased postoperative neurological behavior scores, β-catenin gene mRNA ELs and β-catenin protein levels, along with a reduction in the number of intact neurons (p<0.05). BT BWC, GSK-3β gene levels, p-GSK-3β and GSK-3β protein ELs were greatly increased, that is, p<0.05, while IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid were markedly elevated (p<0.05). In comparison to ICH group, ATV group showed increased neurological behavior scores, β-catenin gene mRNA levels and β-catenin protein levels, with an increase in the number of intact neurons (p<0.05). Moreover, BWC, GSK-3β gene mRNA ELs, p-GSK-3β and GSK-3β protein ELs, as well as IFs, were notably decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: ATV, through regulation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin SPW, inhibits inflammatory reactions and cellular damage, thereby ameliorating neurological dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses in experimental ICH rats.

KEYWORDS

• Atorvastatin
• Experimental cerebral hemorrhage
• Gsk-3β/β-catenin signaling
• pathway
• Inflammatory reaction
• Neuroprotection

Showing references and in-text citations exactly as published.

• DOI10.5530/ijper.20250529Copy

RELATED ARTICLES

Matched on section and article type within this issue of IJPER.

• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Students' Perception of the “Two-Stage” Collaborative Examination Based on the Focus Group Interview MethodLi Ming Wang, Yan Chun Wang, Shan Shan Li, Ying Jin · pp. 1272–1276Original ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Investigate of the Relationship between Thinking Styles and Classroom Management of the Teachers of Vocational CollegesWeiguo Hu, Zi Ye, Chou Chen, Wei Chen, Chan Li, Haijun Zhou, Ruiyang Chen · pp. 1277–1284Original ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Screening and Optimization of Various Formulation and Processing Parameters for the Development of AquasomesKhushboo Katharotiya, Dhaval Katharotiya, Lalit Lata Jha · pp. 1285–1292Original ArticleSame type: Article
• Article · VOLUME 59, ISSUE 4Co-Delivery of Sphingosomal Formulation Containing BCL2 siRNA Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Lung CancerPrashant Nayak, Rompicherla Narayana Charyulu · pp. 1293–1304Original ArticleSame type: Article