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Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchNOW IN
Review

A Comprehensive Review on Outcome Based Education Framework (OBE) for Implementation in Indian Pharmacy Institutes

Helvinder Kaur1, Farheen Sami2, Sheikh Murtuja3, Nadeem Hasan4, Arun Kumar5, Rajesh Sreedharan Nair6, Md Sajid Ali7, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria8, Shahnaz Majeed9, M Saquib Hasnain3,10, Mohammed Tahir Ansari6,11★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, MALAYSIA.
  2. 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ferozepur Rd, Sidhwan Khurd, Punjab, INDIA.
  3. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, INDIA.
  4. 4Department of Pharmaceutics, MAM College of Pharmacy, P&T Colony, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, INDIA.
  5. 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Brain Research, Gurugram University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA.
  6. 6School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, MALAYSIA.
  7. 7Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  8. 8Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Jalan Bedong Semeling Kedah, MALAYSIA.
  9. 9Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, MALAYSIA.
  10. 10Palamu Institute of Pharmacy, Chianki, Daltonganj, Jharkhand, INDIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Mohammed Tahir Ansari

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, MALAYSIA.

md.a.tahir@gmail.com

Received: 27-03-2026; Revised: 06-05-2026; Accepted: 15-07-2026.

Volume 60, Issue 4 · pp. 1379–1393 · PUBLISHED 2026 · DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20261641

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: There has been a substantial paradigm shift in pharmacy education towards Outcomes-Based Education (OBE), which emphasizes the acquisition of industrial based competencies and skills among the graduates. Objectives: This review discusses the framework of an OBE, which will ensure redesigning of the teaching practices based on the industrial requirement and will create an opportunity for universities in India to produce marketable graduates. Materials and Methods: A total of 218 papers were identified, and 135 were utilized to compile the review paper. The research studies included in this process were those which contained at least three selected keywords. Any papers that did not correspond to these keywords were excluded from the review process. The study was conducted from March, 2023 to June 2024. Results and Discussion: The review highlights significant disparities between the current state of pharmacy education and the expectations of the industry, particularly in the areas of practical skills and employability. The review recommends the implementation of an OBE framework that includes well-defined Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) and Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) to align educational outcomes with the demands of the industry. Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) will ensure that the curriculum is regularly updated based on stakeholder feedback to enhance the level of competency among students in critical thinking, problem-solving, and practical application. Conclusion: This review offers a comprehensive framework for a possible implementation of OBE in Indian pharmacy universities and institutes, with the objective of aligning with industry needs and enhancing global competitiveness.

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    Kaur, H., Sami, F., Murtuja, S., Hasan, N., Kumar, A., Nair, R. S., Ali, M. S., Fuloria, N. K., Majeed, S., Hasnain, M. S., & Ansari, M. T. (2026). A Comprehensive Review on Outcome Based Education Framework (OBE) for Implementation in Indian Pharmacy Institutes. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 60(4), 1379–1393. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.20261641