Rutamarin, an Active Constituent from Ruta angustifolia Pers., Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in the HT29 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line
Shafinah Ahmad Suhaimi1, Sok Lai Hong2, Sri Nurestri Abdul Malek1★★ Corresponding author
- 1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
- 2Center of Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring, Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
CORRESPONDENCE
Sri Nurestri Abdul Malek
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
Received: 29-09-2016; Revised: 03-11-2016.
Volume 13, Issue 50S · pp. S179–S188 · PUBLISHED 11 July 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_432_16
ABSTRACT
Background: Ruta angustifolia Pers. is a perennial herb that is cultivated worldwide, including Southeast Asia, for the treatment of various diseases as traditional medicine. Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify an active principle of R. angustifolia and to investigate its effect on the HT29 cell death. Materials and Methods: The methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) of R. angustifolia Pers. were initially investigated for their cytotoxic activity against two human carcinoma cell lines (MCF7 and HT29) and a normal human colon fibroblast cell line (CCD‑18Co) using sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assay. Eight compounds including rutamarin were isolated from the active chloroform extract and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HT29 human colon carcinoma cell line and CCD‑18Co noncancer cells. Further studies on the induction of apoptosis such as morphological examinations, biochemical analyses, cell cycle analysis, and caspase activation assay were conducted in rutamarin‑treated HT29 cells. Results: Rutamarin exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against HT29 cells (IC50 value of 5.6 µM) but was not toxic to CCD‑18Co cells. The morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis including activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were observed in rutamarin‑treated HT29 cells. These may be associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and G2/M checkpoints, which was also observed in HT29 cells. Conclusions: The present study describes rutamarin‑induced apoptosis in the HT29 cell line for the first time and suggests that rutamarin has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent.
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Suhaimi, S. A., Hong, S. L., & Malek, S. N. A. (2017). Rutamarin, an Active Constituent from Ruta angustifolia Pers., Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in the HT29 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(50S), S179–S188. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_432_16