Antioxidant Phytochemicals of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Cladodes with Potential Anti-spasmodic Activity
Francesco Lanuzza1, Francesco Occhiuto2, Maria Teresa Monforte2, Maria Marcella Tripodo2, Valeria D’Angelo2, Enza Maria Galati2★★ Corresponding author
- 1Departments of Economics, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
- 2Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
CORRESPONDENCE
Enza Maria Galati
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
Received: 10-11-2016; Revised: 11-01-2017; Accepted: 11-01-2017.
Volume 13, Issue 51S · pp. S424–S429 · PUBLISHED 11 October 2017 · DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_495_16
ABSTRACT
Background: Opuntia ficus‑indica (OFI) (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae), a plant widespread in dry regions of the world, shows interesting biological activities (cicatrizant, antiulcer, anti‑inflammatory, and hypolipidemic) and is widely used in traditional medicine. Objectives: Phytochemical analysis and antispasmodic effect of wild OFI cladodes were carried out. Material and Methods: Polyphenols and Vitamin E occurrence, in antioxidant pool of OFI cladodes, were quantified by high‑performance liquid chromatography. The antispasmodic effect of OFI cladodes was assessed in isolated rabbit smooth muscle tissues. The experiments were carried out with preparations of rabbit jejunum and uterus with the spontaneous contractile activity, to evaluate the effect of cumulative concentrations of the extract on basal tone, amplitude, and frequency of contractions. Results: Catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and chlorogenic, ferulic, and p‑coumaric acid were identified. α‑, β‑, and γ‑tocopherols have been highlighted and α‑tocopherol is the major component. OFI cladodes contain significant amount of polyphenols and tocopherols that are effective radical scavengers and inhibited ethanol 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl formation by 50%. OFI cladodes caused a light inhibition of amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions and a marked decrease in muscle basal tone of rabbit jejunum preparations. On spontaneously contracting uterus preparations, the addition of increasing concentrations of cladode extract caused uterine muscle relaxation. Conclusion: The contraction of smooth muscle preparations depends on an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration, which activates the contractile elements. The flavonoids may suppress the contractility of smooth myocytes, by an inhibition of availability of Ca2+ for muscle contraction.
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Lanuzza, F., Occhiuto, F., Monforte, M. T., Tripodo, M. M., D’Angelo, V., & Galati, E. M. (2017). Antioxidant Phytochemicals of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Cladodes with Potential Anti-spasmodic Activity. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13(51S), S424–S429. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_495_16