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A comparison of the effect of omega-3 alone versus omega-3/Vitamin D3 co-supplementation therapy on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults with vitamin D deficiency

Beisan A. Mohammad1★, Ghaleb Ali Oriquat2, Heba A Khader3, Husni Shukri Farah4, Ahmad R. Alsayed5, Jehad F. Alhmoud6, Mohammad A. A Al-Najjar7, Luai Hasoun5, Shaimaa M. Abdelhalim8, Shady H. Awwad9, Mahmoud S. Abu-Samak5★★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Department- PharmD Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.
  2. 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
  3. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
  4. 4Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
  5. 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.
  6. 6Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
  7. 7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Kingdom of Jordan.
  8. 8Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.
  9. 9Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.

CORRESPONDENCE

Beisan A. Mohammad

Pharmaceutical Sciences Department- PharmD Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.

bmohammad@fcms.edu.sa

Received: 09-01-2024; Accepted: 18-03-2024.

Volume 23, Issue 1 · pp. 3050 · PUBLISHED 7 February 2025 · DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2025.1.3050

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ABSTRACT

Background: Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplementation may improve total hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in people with normal or low vitamin D levels. However, there was no agreement on the potential therapeutic benefit of n-3FA on vitamin D toxicity. Objective: The current randomized controlled clinical study (RCT) sought to determine if daily omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplementation affected 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Methods: One hundred and twenty Jordanians aged 22 to 55 were randomly allocated into three groups supplemented with the dose of 50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly (D3) alone, 300 mg n-3FA taken daily (n-3FA) alone, or their combination (50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly + 300 mg n-3FA taken daily (D+). In addition, fasting baseline and follow-up (ten weeks; eight weeks supplementation plus two weeks washout) of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and leptin were assayed. Results: The n-3FA supplementation significantly decreased mean serum 25OHD levels (11.97±4.6 vs 16.5±4.8, P<0.001) compared with their peers in the D3 group who showed a significant increase in 25OHD levels (41.15±11.7 vs 19.34±6.8, P<0.001). The follow-up PTH mean levels were proportionally accompanied by significant alterations of 25OHD levels in the two study groups. Conclusions: This novel RCT provides that eight weeks of n-3FA therapy significantly reduced 25OHD levels, which adverse effects may accompany vitamin D status and its health-related consequences, such as bone homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 conditions.

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    Mohammad, B. A., Oriquat, G. A., Khader, H. A., Farah, H. S., Alsayed, A. R., Alhmoud, J. F., Al-Najjar, M. A. A., Hasoun, L., Abdelhalim, S. M., Awwad, S. H., & Abu-Samak, M. S. (2025). A comparison of the effect of omega-3 alone versus omega-3/Vitamin D3 co-supplementation therapy on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults with vitamin D deficiency. Pharmacy Practice, 23(1), 3050. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2025.1.3050