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Review

Increased Global Burden of Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Updates on Diagnosis, Management, and Vaccination Strategies

Turki H Alsayyali1★, Atyaf Mohammed2, Razan Saud3, Zainab Alshaikh4, Rakan Alanazi5, Sama Alanazi5, Shaden Alfayadh6, Nouf Aldakhail6, Asma Alshammari6, Ebtihal Alhawsawi7, Rawan Alanazi8, Shatha Alsulaiman8, Rana Almutairi9, Mashael Alshammari10, Hatim Alsulaymi11★ Corresponding author

  1. 1College of Pharmacy, Hafr-Albatin University, Hafar Albatin, Saudi Arabia.
  2. 2Medical student, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
  3. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
  4. 4Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
  5. 5College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia.
  6. 6Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
  7. 7Department of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Albatin, Hafr Albatin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  8. 8Department of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  9. 9Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Kingdom Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  10. 10Department of Pharmaceutical Services, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  11. 11Clinical Pharmacist, Deputy Director of Pharmaceutical Care at Hail Health Cluster; ASHP International Pharmacy Practice Residency – Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt; Master's Student in Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University.

CORRESPONDENCE

Turki H Alsayyali

College of Pharmacy, Hafr-Albatin University, Hafar Albatin, Saudi Arabia.

tffihs@gmail.com

Received: 20-03-2025; Accepted: 14-05-2025.

Volume 23, Issue 4 · pp. 3175 · PUBLISHED 7 November 2025 · DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2025.4.3175

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ABSTRACT

The increasing global burden of pediatric infectious diseases poses a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review article provides an overview of major pediatric infectious diseases, their impact on child health and public health, and updates on diagnosis, management, and vaccination strategies. The burden of pediatric infectious diseases is influenced by factors such as poverty, malnutrition, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to healthcare services. Infectious diseases account for approximately 25% of all deaths in children under the age of five globally. The review addresses research questions related to diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, vaccination strategies, and potential future directions for reducing the burden of pediatric infectious diseases. Advances in diagnostic techniques have improved the ability to accurately diagnose pediatric infectious diseases, but challenges remain, especially in resource-limited settings. Antimicrobial therapy, supportive care measures, infection prevention and control strategies, and vaccination are important components of comprehensive management. The review highlights the importance of the recommended childhood vaccination schedule, the effectiveness of existing vaccines, and ongoing developments in vaccine research. Integrated management approaches, such as IMCI and ICCM, are discussed as strategies to improve diagnosis and management at both healthcare and community levels. Addressing global disparities requires overcoming challenges and barriers through innovative approaches, collaboration, and capacity-building efforts. The implications for practice, policy, and future research emphasize the need for awareness, knowledge, and interventions to reduce the burden of pediatric infectious diseases worldwide.

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    Alsayyali, T. H., Mohammed, A., Saud, R., Alshaikh, Z., Alanazi, R., Alanazi, S., Alfayadh, S., Aldakhail, N., Alshammari, A., Alhawsawi, E., Alanazi, R., Alsulaiman, S., Almutairi, R., Alshammari, M., & Alsulaymi, H. (2025). Increased Global Burden of Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Updates on Diagnosis, Management, and Vaccination Strategies. Pharmacy Practice, 23(4), 3175. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2025.4.3175