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Article

Assessment of Immunostimulating effect of Carica papa- ya-based Immunostimulatory Complexes Against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections

Tamunotonye Abel Briggs1,2, Angus Nnamdi Oli1★, Ebere Innocent Okoye3, AyokunnumiFunke Obajuluwa4, ChineloKene Ezejiegu1, Chijioke Maxwell Ofomata5, Gordon C. Ibeanu6★ Corresponding author

  1. 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra, NIGERIA.
  2. 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Sciences, AkanuIbiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Afikpo, Ebonyi, NIGERIA.
  3. 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra, NIGERIA.
  4. 4Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, NIGERIA.
  5. 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra, NIGERIA.
  6. 6Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Angus Nnamdi Oli

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra, NIGERIA.

a.n.oli@live.com

Received: 12-04-2020; Revised: 22-05-2020; Accepted: 26-07-2020.

Volume 10, Issue 3 · pp. 384–389 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5330/ijpi.2020.3.68

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ABSTRACT

Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a bacterial infection responsible for one-fifth of child mortality in Africa. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate Carica papaya-based Immunostimulatory complexes against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Methods: Leaves of the plant were harvested, air-dried, pulverized and the saponin content extracted using distilled water and but anole in a Soxhlet’s apparatus. The formulation of Immunostimulatory complexes was prepared using the ethanol injection method. Acute toxicity test and Immunological assays, namely: neutrophil adhesion, carbon clearance, hem agglutinating antibody titer were conducted using healthy laboratory mice. The results were compared to standard drug (levamisole). Results: The aqueous extract and butanol fraction yielded 7.45% and 0.38% saponin. At 5000mg/ kg body weight of administered immunostimulatory complexes, no death or behavioral changes were recorded. Neutrophil adhesion showed no significant increase (20.82±4.34) as against the levamisole (20.74±3.31). The increased phagocytic index (0.089± 0.017) showed better stimulation of reticuloendothelial system when compared to both controls (distilled water = 0.032 ± 0.001; levamisole = 0.071 ± 0.001).The lower Hemagglutination antibody titre value indicates the potency of the formulated ISCOM to elicit an immune response. The ISCOM dose (250 mg/kg body weight) significantly elevated hemagglutination antibody titre (7.81±1.60). Conclusion: It can be inferred from this study that Carica papaya leaves has immunomodulatory capacity and has significant saponin yield which could potentially serve as a component of Immunostimulatory complexes formulation. Carica papaya-based Immunostimulatory complexes exhibit improved immunogenicity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

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    Briggs, T. A., Oli, A. N., Okoye, E. I., Obajuluwa, A., Ezejiegu, C., Ofomata, C. M., & Ibeanu, G. C. (). Assessment of Immunostimulating effect of Carica papa- ya-based Immunostimulatory Complexes Against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 10(3), 384–389. https://doi.org/10.5330/ijpi.2020.3.68