Unraveling the Enigma of Syphilis: A Comprehensive Review
Pooja Rathore1, Vivek Mishra1, Navneet Bansal1, Ananya Sharma1, Arti Saini1, Inderjeet Verma1★★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, INDIA.
CORRESPONDENCE
Inderjeet Verma
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, INDIA.
Received: 28-09-2023; Revised: 03-10-2023; Accepted: 02-12-2023.
Volume 16, Issue 3 · pp. 385–390 · PUBLISHED · DOI: 10.5530/jyp.2024.16.50
ABSTRACT
Treponema pallidum(T. pallidum) transmits syphilis through sexual contact or perinatal transmission. T. pallidumis widely known for being invasive and immune-evasive; its clinical symptoms are commonly mistaken for those of other diseases due to localized inflammatory responses to multiplying spirochetes. Complement fixation and precipitation/flocculation assays were developed in the early 20th century, and they were frequently combined to boost sensitivity and specificity because many cases were challenging. Despite a lifetime of negative anti-lipoidal serology, syphilis sequelae often develop. Treponemal tests (TPI, introduced in 1949) substantially improved sensitivity and reduced the number of false positives, but they were insensitive for primary syphilis. The teaching hospitals in Vienna have long confirmed that the TPHA discovers almost twice as many instances that aren't found as the VDRL. Numerous active cases without VDRL reactions were discovered using the avidity/affinity index (Boltzmann Institute for Serodiagnosis, Vienna) as a substitute for the IgM antibody. Despite these improvements, Ontario's Public Health Laboratory has discovered that gay men who are HIV antibody (+) selectively lose their treponemal antibody, making it hard to detect the incidence of syphilis.
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Rathore, P., Mishra, V., Bansal, N., Sharma, A., Saini, A., & Verma, I. (). Unraveling the Enigma of Syphilis: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 16(3), 385–390. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2024.16.50